Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for maximum (Max), minimum (Min), and mean principal (ε₁ and ε₂) strain magnitude (με) for the PDL and NO PDL FEMs, and the in vivo data.

			ε1				ε2				ε1 Orientation
Gauge location	Model	n elements	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD
ULAT	PDL	56	173	12	148	195	−131	8	−146	−113	68	1
	NO PDL	56	166	12	145	189	−123	9	−139	−103	66	2
	In vivo	148	150	61	15	271	−141	57	−249	−12	83	9
LLAT	PDL	54	109	21	68	149	−89	12	−107	−65	80	2
	NO PDL	54	113	18	78	147	−82	12	−104	−57	74	3
	In vivo	148	103	47	10	208	−84	37	−168	−4	287	12
MED	PDL	24	7	4	1	18	−40	8	−53	−24	335	5
	NO PDL	37	11	8	1	28	−19	9	−37	−3	350	19
	In vivo	148	59	27	15	203	−72	33	−208	−28	308	32

Gauge locations: ULAT, LLAT, and MED are abbreviations for upper lateral, lower lateral, and medial (cf. Figure 1). SD represents standard deviation.