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. 2019 Nov 5;9:16006. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52516-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cardio-protective effect of adherently expanded CMCs in ABC medium after transplantation into rat infarcted myocardium. (a) Schematic outline of the in vivo experiment. The animals received intramyocardial injections of the cells into the infarct border zone, 20 min after LAD artery ligation. Animals were immunosuppressed by the administration of cyclosporine A. Echo: Echocardiography. (b) The ejection fraction (EF) index of heart performance as evaluated by Echo at 2 and 60 days post-infarction. The data showed a significant increase of EF in the cell injected groups compared to the vehicle group. (c) The ΔEF represents the difference between the EF values measured at days 2 and 60 post-infarction for the in vivo groups. (d) Kaplan-Meier survival rate analysis of different in vivo groups. The cell transplanted groups had a higher survival rate compared to the vehicle group. (e) Masson’s trichrome (MT) stained transverse sections of rats’ hearts 60 days after infarction. Scale bar: 2 mm. (f) Cardiac fibrotic tissue stained with MT at the infarct border zones. Scale bars: 200 µm. (g) The measured infarct fibrotic area (%) stained by MT indicated significantly decreased scar tissues in the cell transplanted groups compared to the vehicle group. (h) Representative immunostaining against vascular structures with anti-αSMA. (i) The quantification indicated that the significant higher vascular densities in cell transplanted groups compared to vehicle group. Scale bars: 200 µm. LV: Left ventricle. All data: mean ± SD and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01.