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. 2019 Nov 5;10:5025. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12949-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Experiments to elucidate Heck coupling mechanism. a Control experiments establishing the need for the AQ-directing group in both hydroarylation and Heck coupling. b The role of the compound A18. c The importance of aryl boronic acid in alkene insertion. d The reaction with δ,δ-di-deuterated alkene 1a-d₂. e Deuteration experiments in t-BuOD