Table 3.
Cluster characteristics.
| Variable | Cluster 1 (n = 1) |
Cluster 2 (n = 26) |
Cluster 3 (n = 37) |
Cluster 4 (n = 17) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 78 {-) | 65 [57–74] | 58 [50–69] | 65 [54–73] | 0.10 |
| Female, n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (23.1) | 14 (37.8) | 4 (23.5) | 0.48 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1 (100) | 10 (38.5) | 3 (8.1) | 6 (35.3) | 0.007 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 [-] | 28.8 [24.1–31.5] | 27.2 [25.8–28.9] | 25.7 [23.6–29.0] | 0.58 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 135 [-] | 125 [120–142] | 126 [115–140] | 118 [112–129] | 0.29 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80 [-] | 76 [70–80] | 80 [75–84] | 70 [70–78] | 0.02 |
| PP (mmHg) | 55 [-] | 53 [45–64] | 45 [36–56] | 50 [36–60] | 0.28 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 10 [-] | 15 [14–20] | 62 [43–75] | 28 [14–42] | <0.0001 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 38700 [-] | 430 [88–1389] | 37 [14–138] | 89 [33–571] | 0.002 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.2 [-] | 1.9 [1.3–3.2] | 1.6 [1.0–3.3] | 2.9 [1.4–4.7] | 0.59 |
| Hemoglobin (mM) | 8.5 [-] | 7.1 [6.6–7.8] | 8.7 [7.7–9.2] | 8.5 [7.8–8.8] | 0.0007 |
| p-triglycerides (mM) | 1.8 [-] | 1.3 [1.1–2.0] | 1.6 [1.1–2.1] | 1.5 [1.0–3.0] | 0.89 |
| p-LDL (mM) | 2.2 [-] | 2.6 [1.7–3.5] | 3.0 [2.5–3.7] | 2.3 [1.7–2.9] | 0.08 |
| p-HDL (mM) | 1.5 [-] | 1.2 [1.0–1.5] | 1.4 [1.2–1.7] | 1.3 [0.9–1.7] | 0.39 |
| AIx | 40 [-] | 27 [25–35] | 30 [21–36] | 25 [14–37] | 0.53 |
| AIx/75 | 41 [-] | 22 [16–28] | 23 [18–29] | 18 [8–31] | 0.29 |
| aPWV | 19.7 [-] | 9.1 [8.1–10.7] | 8.8 [7.4–11.1] | 9.6 [7.8–10.8] | 0.27 |
Data are presented as median interquartile range for continuous variables, and n (%) for categorical variables. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; p, plasma; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; AIx, augmentation index; AIx/75, AIx per 75 heartbeats per minute; aPWV, aortic pulse wave velocity. Differences between clusters were assessed with a Kruskal Wallis test for continuous variables, and a Chi-Squared test for categorical variables.