Table 5.
Composition of carotenoids profile of lettuce grown hydroponically in a Fitotron open-gas-exchange growth chamber in relation to light conditions and cultivar.
| Source of variance | Violaxanthin + neoxanthin (μg violaxanthin eq. g-1 dw) |
Lutein (μg g-1 dw) |
β-cryptoxanthin (μg g-1 dw) |
β-carotene (μg g-1 dw) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cultivar (C) | ||||
| Baby Romaine | 843.7 ± 119 b | 608.9 ± 61.6 b | 1031.7 ± 95.5 ab | 372.5 ± 79.2 b |
| Green Salanova | 597.2 ± 53.3 c | 242.8 ± 23.1 c | 444.5 ± 19.5 c | 163.1 ± 27.7 c |
| Lollo rossa | 490.4 ± 31.1 d | 237.8 ± 14.3 c | 408.9 ± 26.4 c | 191.4 ± 34.4 c |
| Lollo verde | 431.4 ± 15.1 d | 180.9 ± 7.10 d | 257.3 ± 18.2 d | 129.6 ± 16.6 d |
| Red oak leaf | 831.9 ± 52.1 b | 611.0 ± 38.6 b | 947.1 ± 42.3 b | 359.0 ± 28.9 b |
| Red Salanova | 996.0 ± 19.1 a | 739.2 ± 13.9 a | 1046.2 ± 29.2 a | 404.1 ± 24.4 a |
| Light intensity (μmol m−2 s−1) (L) | ||||
| 420 (Optimal) | 788.2 ± 58.2 a | 485.7 ± 59.2 a | 741.4 ± 89.9 a | 346.0 ± 33.6 a |
| 210 (Low) | 608.6 ± 51.9 b | 387.8 ± 50.8 b | 637.2 ± 73.2 b | 193.8 ± 24.6 b |
| C × L | ||||
| Baby Romaine × Optimal | 1102.6 ± 55.3 a | 746.0 ± 9.26 a | 1228.9 ± 82.1 a | 547.6 ± 27.5 a |
| Green Salanova × Optimal | 707.3 ± 32.9 e | 287.9 ± 18.0 e | 479.0 ± 22.5 e | 223.1 ± 14.1 e |
| Lollo rossa × Optimal | 559.2 ± 7.10 fg | 268.2 ± 9.90 ef | 466.5 ± 13.1 e | 267.3 ± 10.4 d |
| Lollo verde × Optimal | 458.5 ± 12.0 gh | 184.9 ± 11.6 g | 233.8 ± 23.5 f | 165.7 ± 8.98 f |
| Red oak leaf × Optimal | 886.9 ± 61.6 cd | 673.0 ± 43.5 b | 986.6 ± 43.5 bc | 417.5 ± 26.1 b |
| Red Salanova x Optimal | 1014.8 ± 31.5 ab | 754.5 ± 26.8 a | 1053.4 ± 63.6 b | 455.1 ± 16.6 b |
| Baby Romaine × Low | 584.7 ± 27.0 f | 471.8 ± 9.76 d | 834.5 ± 4.88 d | 197.4 ± 4.54 ef |
| Green Salanova × Low | 487.1 ± 31.5 fgh | 197.7 ± 18.0 g | 410.0 ± 14.8 e | 103.1 ± 6.38 g |
| Lollo rossa × Low | 421.6 ± 9.08 h | 207.3 ± 0.92 fg | 351.3 ± 3.99 ef | 115.4 ± 7.20 g |
| Lollo verde × Low | 404.3 ± 16.2 h | 176.9 ± 10.0 g | 280.8 ± 23.4 f | 93.5 ± 2.62 g |
| Red oak leaf × Low | 776.8 ± 82.3 de | 549.0 ± 41.7 c | 907.5 ± 74.0 cd | 300.5 ± 9.12 d |
| Red Salanova × Low | 977.1 ± 21.9 bc | 723.8 ± 3.75 ab | 1039.0 ± 13.6 b | 353.0 ± 9.91 c |
| Significance | ||||
| C | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| L | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| C × L | *** | *** | *** | *** |
*** Significant at P ≤ 0.001, respectively. Different letters within each column indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05. All data are expressed as mean ± SE, n = 3.