Gut colonization of germfree C57BL/6J mice with B. thetaiotaomicron elicits a bacterium-specific gut IgA response. (A) Isotype ELISA for measuring total IgA in SI culture supernatants. GF, germfree; 3, 6, and 12 represent weeks postmonocolonization with B. thetaiotaomicron. (B) Specific ELISA for measuring IgA reactive to B. thetaiotaomicron whole-cell antigens. *, P < 0.05. (C) Specific ELISA to measure cross-reactivity of B. thetaiotaomicron-induced gut IgA response against other gut microbes, including closely related B. thetaiotaomicron strains (labeled as Bt), bacteria from the same genus, the same phylum, and different phyla represented by shades of gray. (D) Western blot analyses of SI culture supernatants using B. thetaiotaomicron (Bt) and B. thetaiotaomicron ΔCPS (BtΔCPS) whole-cell lysate to detect B. thetaiotaomicron antigens that bind gut IgA. Number above each blot represents the week at which supernatant was harvested after B. thetaiotaomicron monocolonization. PK, proteinase K treatment; MW, molecular weight.