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Evoked pain, neck pain, and Neurologic Pain Signature (NPS) activation pre- and post-intervention for the neck pain participants receiving verum (A) and sham (B) spinal manipulation (SM). Neck pain and NPS activation decreased following verum SM but not evoked pain. No significant changes in evoked pain, neck pain, or NPS activation were seen following sham SM. NPS activation is in arbitrary units. One-tailed paired samples t-tests, *p < 0.05. Error bars = ± standard error.
