Fig. 6.

Neurologic Pain Signature (NPS) subregion activation pre- and post-intervention for the neck pain participants receiving verum spinal manipulation (SM). A) No significant changes were identified within any of the NPS positive regions. B) Activation within the NPS negative regions of the right posterior lateral occipital complex (rpLOC) and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) decreased following SM. NPS activation is in arbitrary units. Two-tailed paired samples t-tests, *p < 0.05. Error bars = ± standard error. rIns = right mid-insula, rV1 = right primary visual cortex, rThal = right thalamaus, lIns = left mid-insula, rdplns = right dorsal posterior insula, rS2_Op = right secondary somatosensory cortex/operculum, dACC = dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, rLOC = right lateral occipital complex, lLOC = left lateral occipital complex, lSTS = left superior temporal sulcus, rIPL = right inferior parietal lobule, and PCC = posterior cingulate cortex.