Table 1.
Characteristics of FMRI studies investigating neural responses to incentives in adults diagnosed with bipolar disorder versus healthy control participants.
| Authors | Year | Phase | BD n (%M) / HC | Task | Gain anticipation | Gain outcome | Loss anticipation | Loss outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abler et al | 2007 | Manic | 12 BD I (58.3) / 12 HC (58.3) | MID | none | ↓ VS | N/A | N/A |
| Bermpohl et al | 2009 | Manic | 15 BP I (53.3) / 26 HC (57.7) | MID | ↑ l LOFC | none | ↓ l lateral OFC | none |
| O'Sullivan et al | 2011 | Hypomanic | 12 manic / 12 HC (not reported) | Probabilistic reinforcement learning | ↓ VS, ↑ DS | ↓ insula, DS | N/A | N/A |
| Nusslock et al | 2012 | Euthymic | 21 BD I (42.9) / 20 HC (40) | Card-guessing | ↑ r VS, r OFC, ↑ l LOFC | none | none | none |
| Linke et al | 2012 | Euthymic | 19 BD I (42.1) / 19 HC (42.1) | Reversal Learning | N/A | ↑ medial OFC | N/A | ↑ r amygdala |
| Caseras et al | 2013 | Euthymic | 17 BD I (36) / 15 BD II (40) / 20 HC (35) | Card-guessing | ↑ VS, l VLPFC, insula in BP I, ↑ DS, l DLPFC in BP-II | ↑ l VS in BP I (trend) | N/A | N/A |
| Chase et al | 2013 | Bipolar depression | 23 BD I (17.4) / 37 HC (32.4) | Card-guessing | ↓ ACC, ↑ l VLPFC | none | N/A | N/A |
| Trost et al | 2014 | Euthymic | 16 BD I (37.5) / 16 HC (43.8) | Desire-reason dilemma | N/A | ↓ VS, ↓ correlated VLPFC and VS | N/A | N/A |
| Mason et al | 2014 | Euthymic | 20 BD (18 BD I, 2 BD II) (50) / 20 HC (45) | Roulette | ↑ l VS (trend) | ↑ VS, ↓ DLPFC | ↑ VS trend in BD | none |
| Dutra et al | 2015 | Remitted | 24 BD I (37.5) / 25 HC (40) | MID and SID | ↓ OFC, IFG, r occipital ctx | ↑ VS, DS | none | none |
| Yip et al | 2015 | Euthymic | 20 BD II / NOS (60) / 20 HC (50) | MID | ↓ r DS | none | ↓ VS, DS | none |
| Satterthwaite et al | 2015 | Bipolar depression | 23 BD (21 BD I, 2 BD II) (37) / 32 HC (51) | Monetary reward | N/A | ↓ VS, ↑ correlated reward nodes | none | none |
| Redlich et al | 2015 | Bipolar depression | 33 BD I (51.5) / 34 HC (52.9) | Card-guessing | N/A | ↓ VS, caudate, thalamus, putamen, insula, | none | none |
| Schreiter et al | 2016 | Euthymic | 20 BD (40) / 20 HC (40) | MID | ↓ VS, ↓ l VS and APFC correlated activity | none | none | none |
| Berghost et al | 2016 | Euthymic or mildly depressed | 13 BD (38) / 15 HC (33) |
MID | ↑ amygdala no stress, ↓ amygdala during stress | ↑ DS during stress | N/A | N/A |
| Kollman et al | 2017 | Euthymic | 16 BD (37.5) / 19 HC (50) |
MID | ↑ ACC | N/A | none | none |