Table 2.
Death and hospitalization events by category of time-varying eGFR and medication status
| Time-varying eGFR | eGFR ≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | eGFR ≥60 to <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | eGFR ≥30 to <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death | ||||
| NSAID use: events | 93 | 127 | 71 | 11 |
| NSAID use: incident rates | 4.6 (3.8–5.7) | 9.2 (7.7–10.9) | 27.7 (22.0–35.0) | 93.8 (52.0–169.4) |
| Opiate use (<60 MMEs): events | 175 | 303 | 195 | 45 |
| Opiate use (<60 MMEs): incident rates | 8.2 (7.1–9.5) | 19.2 (17.2–21.5) | 46.7 (40.6–53.7) | 156.3 (116.7–209.3) |
| Opiate use (≥60 MMEs): events | 82 | 149 | 102 | 39 |
| Opiate use (≥60 MMEs): incident rates | 9.8 (7.9–12.2) | 26.1 (22.2–30.6) | 106.7 (87.9–129.6) | 388.4 (283.8–531.7) |
| Incident hospitalization | ||||
| NSAID use: events | 745 | 628 | 184 | 18 |
| NSAID use: incident rates | 48.4 (45.0–52.0) | 57.3 (53.0–62.0) | 100.7 (87.1–116.3) | 400.4 (252.3–635.5) |
| Opiate use (<60 MMEs): events | 1146 | 851 | 330 | 38 |
| Opiate use (<60 MMEs): incident rates | 65.8 (62.1–69.7) | 71.0 (66.4–76.0) | 115.3 (103.5–128.4) | 266.8 (194.1–366.7) |
| Opiate use (≥60 MMEs): events | 451 | 335 | 93 | 15 |
| Opiate use (≥60 MMEs): incident rates | 73.4 (66.9–80.5) | 87.2 (78.4–97.1) | 158.7 (129.5–194.5) | 390.1 (235.2–647.1) |
Ranges in parentheses refer to 95% confidence intervals. There were an additional 1065 deaths and 4313 hospitalizations that occurred during follow-up when participants were prescribed neither opiates nor NSAIDs (9.8 deaths per 1000 person-years and 44.4 hospitalizations per 1000 person-years). NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; MMEs, daily oral morphine milligram equivalents.