Table 4.

Weighted, fully adjusted estimates of adults aged ≥18 who searched for health or medical information who reported accessing health information without frustration,^a by sociodemographic characteristics and survey year, stratified by source of recent search for health information, Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), 2008-2017, United States^b

Variable	Model 1: Used the Internet First for Most Recent Search (n = 6794)		Model 2: Used a Source Other Than Internet for Most Recent Search (n = 4808)
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Valuec	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Valuec
Overall	0.53 (0.42-0.67)		0.82 (0.54-1.24)
Survey data collection period
2008	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]
2011-2012	0.93 (0.74-1.16)	.50	1.35 (1.04-1.74)	.02
2013	1.03 (0.79-1.33)	.83	1.20 (0.85-1.67)	.31
2017	0.91 (0.75-1.11)	.36	1.61 (1.09-2.35)	.02
Sex
Female	1.15 (0.96-1.38)	.13	1.03 (0.78-1.35)	.86
Male	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]
Age, y
18-34	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]
35-49	1.34 (1.03-1.73)	.03	0.74 (0.48-1.14)	.17
50-64	1.12 (0.90-1.39)	.30	0.75 (0.47-1.14)	.17
65-74	1.22 (0.89-1.67)	.21	0.70 (0.45-1.08)	.10
≥75	1.48 (0.97-2.65)	.07	0.99 (0.62-1.57)	.95
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic	1.16 (0.87-1.54)	.32	0.96 (0.63-1.44)	.83
Non-Hispanic white	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]
Non-Hispanic black	2.15 (1.55-2.97)	.001	1.17 (0.78-1.73)	.45
Non-Hispanic otherd	0.92 (0.66-1.28)	.63	0.65 (0.39-1.11)	.11
Education
<High school graduate	1.18 (0.65-2.15)	.58	0.82 (0.50-1.35)	.43
High school graduate	1.21 (0.91-1.58)	.18	0.69 (0.49-0.97)	.03
Some college	1.19 (0.96-1.46)	.11	0.81 (0.60-1.09)	.16
College graduate	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]
Annual household income, $
<20 000	0.66 (0.47-0.93)	.02	0.76 (0.50-1.14)	.18
20 000-34 999	0.70 (0.51-0.97)	.03	0.83 (0.54-1.27)	.38
35 000-49 999	0.87 (0.64-1.18)	.36	0.91 (0.62-1.33)	.61
50 000-74 999	0.78 (0.64-0.96)	.02	1.16 (0.80-1.68)	.44
≥75 000	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]
Metropolitan statuse
Metropolitan	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]
Non-metropolitan	0.93 (0.70-1.24)	.63	0.75 (0.54-1.04)	.09

^a Accessing health information without frustration is defined as responding “strongly disagree” to the question: “Based on the results of your most recent search for information about health or medical topics, how much do you agree or disagree with the following statement? You felt frustrated during your search for the information.” Response options were measured on a 4-point scale, ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree. All values are percentage (95% confidence interval), unless otherwise indicated.

^b Data sources: HINTS 3 (January 7–April 27, 2008), HINTS 4 (Cycle 1 [October 25, 2011–February 21, 2012] and Cycle 3 [September 6–December 30, 2013]), and HINTS 5, Cycle 1 (January 25–May 5, 2017). National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute.²⁰

^c Using the t test of significance, with P < .05 considered significant.

^d Includes all race categories and subcategories for American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander among respondents indicating they were non-Hispanic.

^e Geographic location (metropolitan vs nonmetropolitan) was defined using the US Department of Agriculture’s 2013 Rural–Urban Continuum Codes, which distinguish metropolitan counties and nonmetropolitan counties.²⁸