Table 1.
Comparisons of clinical parameters among subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD).
| NGT | IFG | IGT | NDD | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 75 | 66 | 86 | 87 | |
| Age (years) | 61.5 ± 12.4 | 62.4 ± 12.0 | 62.4 ± 11.9 | 62.7 ± 11.6 | NS |
| Male (%) | 50.7 | 65.2 | 55.8 | 57.5 | NS |
| Hhip (ng/mL) | 2.45 ± 2.12 | 4.40 ± 3.22 | 4.44 ± 3.64 | 6.31 ± 5.35 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 2.7 | 23.6 ± 2.8 | 23.4 ± 3.0 | 23.3 ± 3.2 | 0.049 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.4 ± 17.2 | 126.9 ± 17.2 | 128.7 ± 18.2 | 131.9 ± 19.8 | 0.003 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70.4 ± 9.9 | 73.4 ± 10.2 | 73.7 ± 10.7 | 75.4 ± 10.9 | 0.025 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 85.8 ± 7.3 | 104.2 ± 4.8 | 88.5 ± 11.6 | 138.4 ± 61.6 | <0.001 |
| Post-load 2-h glucose (mmol/L) | 97.0 ± 24.2 | 107.0 ± 22.7 | 161.7 ± 16.7 | 262.1 ± 87.5 | <0.001 |
| A1C (%) | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 26.6 ± 8.0 | 27.1 ± 14.0 | 24.7 ± 7.9 | 30.7 ± 43.6 | NS |
| ALT (U/L) | 23.5 ± 10.5 | 27.5 ± 21.1 | 22.5 ± 10.7 | 32.7 ± 54.9 | NS |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.9 ± 3.0 | 3.0 ± 5.5 | 3.0 ± 5.3 | 5.9 ± 10.0 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 197.1 ± 36.8 | 205.8 ± 31.6 | 196.2 ± 36.3 | 211.4 ± 48.7 | 0.038 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) * | 93.9 ± 38.1 | 119.0 ± 67.5 | 113.4 ± 60.2 | 131.3 ± 81.8 | 0.006 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 60.5 ± 19.2 | 53.5 ± 15.1 | 53.5 ± 14.5 | 52.6 ± 13.8 | 0.006 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 117.8 ± 35.7 | 128.5 ± 29.7 | 120.0 ± 31.9 | 132.5 ± 39.5 | 0.021 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) or as a percentage. * Values were log-transformed before analysis. Hhip, hedgehog-interacting protein; BMI, body-mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; A1C, hemoglobin A1c; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.