Table 4.

Share of the most common species of Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli, and fungi in early-onset neonatal sepsis (in alphabetical order).

	Organism	Gram-Positive Cocci (%)				Gram-Negative Bacilli (%)			Fungi	References
Country		Staphylococcus aureus	Coagulase-negative staphylococci	Group B Streptococcus	others	Escherichia coli	Klebsiella spp.	others
Australia and N. Zealand, 2002–2012		3.0	6.0	37.0	16.5	25.0	n/a	12.5	1.0	[11]
Australia, 2008–2016		Only LO sepsis								[12]
Austria, 1988–1994		6.3	12.5	28.1	21.9	0.0	9.4	18.8	3.1	[14]
Belgium		Only LO sepsis								[15]
Denmark		36.0	n/a	27.0	9.0	14.0	9.0	5.0	n/a	[16]
Estonia, 2004–2008		Only LO sepsis								[18]
Finland, 1999–2006		Only LO sepsis								[19]
France, 2004–2005		1.8	2.4	58.5	9.4	22.4	0.6	4.5	n/a	[20]
France, 2007		Only LO sepsis								[21]
Germany, 2002–2005		Only LO sepsis								[22]
Greek, 2012–2015		n/a	17.4	13.0	30.4	17.4	4.3	15.2	2.2	[24]
Ireland		12.6	14.1	38.5	n/a	14.1	n/a	n/a	n/a	[25]
Israel, 1995–1999		Only LO sepsis								[26]
Israel, 1995–2005		n/a	17.2	9.4	n/a	26.8	n/a	n/a	3.0	[27]
Italy, 2006–2010		Only LO sepsis								[29]
Japan, 2006 to 2008		Only LO sepsis								[30]
Mexico, 2004–2007		0.0	55.5	22.2	n/a	11.1	11.1	0.0	0.0	[31]
Netherlands, 2007		Only LO sepsis								[32]
Norway, 1999–2000		18.5	25.9	11.1	3.7	33.3	3.7	0.0	3.7	[34,35]
North America, 1997–2010		2.1	2.3	18.2	2.9	33.4	1.5	11.7	2.7	[33]
Poland, 2009		4.0	16.0	20.0	14.0	12.0	4.0	22.0	8.0	[36,37]
South America countries (including Chile), 2001–2013		Only LO sepsis								[38]
South Korea, 1997–1999		48.0	27.2	1.6	7.4	9.9	n/a	n/a	3.3	[39]
Sweden, 2004–2007		0.0	30.0	20.0	0.0	25.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	[41]
Switzerland, 2011–2015		2.0	8.0	38.0	23.0	23.0	n/a	6.0	0.0	[42]
Turkey		4.3	60.9	8.7	8.7	4.3	0.0	13.0	0.0	[43]
United Kingdom, 2005–2014		n/a	n/a	43.0	n/a	18.0	n/a	n/a	0.8	[44]
USA, 1998–2000		n/a	10.7	10.7	15.5	44.0	n/a	16.7	2.4	[45]