Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for all patients and stratified according to subgroups of pulmonary hypertension (pH).
| Complete Cases (n, %) | All | PAH | PH Lung Disease | CTEPH | WHO 5/mixed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 104 | n = 53 | n = 15 | n = 21 | n = 15 | ||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Age, years | 104 (100) | 59 (47–69) | 55 (41–66) | 64 (55–72) | 59 (42–73) | 65 (57–70) |
| Sex, women n (%) | 104 (100) | 66 (64) | 35 (66) | 8 (53) | 12 (57) | 11 (73) |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 104 (100) | 28.1 ± 6.6 | 26.3 ± 5.8 | 30.5 ± 6.3 | 31.4 ± 5.7 | 27.8 ± 8.5 |
| Heart rate, beats/minute | 104 (100) | 80 ± 16 | 80 ± 16 | 81 ± 12 | 75 ± 17 | 85 ± 19 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 104 (100) | 127 ± 18 | 122 ± 15 | 125 ± 17 | 131 ± 13 | 133 ± 27 |
| Oxygen saturation <90%, n (%) | 104 (100) | 3 (3) | 2 (4) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| NYHA class 3/4, n (%) | 104 (100) | 56 (54) | 31 (59) | 8 (53) | 9 (43) | 8 (53) |
| 6-minute walking distance | 89 (86) | 337 ± 139 | 348 ± 147 | 309 ± 115 | 385 ± 130 | 261 ± 122 |
| Electrocardiogram | ||||||
| Sinus rhythm, n(%) | 102 (97) | 90 (87) | 46 (87) | 13 (87) | 18 (86) | 13 (87) |
| QRS duration, ms | 100 (96) | 98 (90–106) | 100 (89–124) | 100 (91–111) | 94 (88–99) | 100 (89–124) |
| Echocardiogram | ||||||
| RA area, cm² | 79 (76) | 27.5 ± 26.2 | 28.0 ± 6.9 | 28.4 ± 8.4 | 24.6 ± 10.0 | 28.2 ± 13.1 |
| RV end diastolic basal dimension, mm | 74 (71) | 51.5 ± 9.6 | 52.7 ± 8.1 | 47.8 ± 4.7 | 51.1 ± 12.1 | 50.2 ± 13.0 |
| RV fractional area change, % | 72 (69) | 28.9 ± 8.6 | 26.7 ± 7.8 | 31.3 ± 6.2 | 33.0 ± 4.3 | 30.7 ± 12.7 |
| TAPSE, mm | 72 (69) | 20 ± 5 | 19 ± 5 | 19 ± 3 | 21 ± 3 | 21 ± 7 |
| LV function, n (%): | 99 (94) | |||||
| Normal | 65 (66) | 32 (63) | 10 (71) | 15 (83) | 8 (53) | |
| Mildly impaired | 29 (30) | 17 (33) | 4 (29) | 3 (17) | 5 (33) | |
| Moderately/ severely impaired | 4 (4) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | |
| LV end diastolic dimension, mm | 80 (77) | 43.2 ± 7.4 | 46.7 ± 5.6 | 46.1 ± 7.3 | 45.5 ± 5.6 | 46.8 ± 8.4 |
| Hemodynamics | ||||||
| mPAP, mmHg | 104 (100) | 42 (35–52) | 46 (39–60) | 37 (32–41) | 37 (30–48) | 42 (34–47) |
| mRAP, mmHg | 104 (100) | 10 ± 5 | 11 ± 6 | 8 ± 4 | 8 ± 5 | 11 ± 6 |
| Capillary wedge pressure, mmHg | 90 (87) | 13 ± 6 | 11 ± 5 | 13 ± 4 | 14 ± 3 | 19 ± 9 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance, WU | 86 (83) | 5.5 (3.4–9.4) | 7.9 (5.4–12.0) | 4.4 (4.1–5.5) | 3.4 (3.0–5.3) | 4.1 (2.2–6.8) |
| Cardiac output, L/min | 99 (87) | 4.9 (4.0–6.2) | 5.0 (3.9–5.8) | 5.0 (3.9–5.8) | 5.4 (4.9–6.3) | 4.9 (4.0–6.8) |
| Computed tomography | ||||||
| PA diameter, mm | 98 (94) | 34.4 ± 5.4 | 35.3 ± 6.0 | 34.9 ± 4.1 | 34.4 ± 5.1 | 31.1 ± 3.3 |
| PA/AO ratio | 98 (94) | 1.12 ± 0.24 | 1.20 ± 0.26 | 1.03 ± 0.12 | 1.12 ± 0.24 | 0.98 ± 0.13 |
| Laboratory | ||||||
| sST2, ng/mL | 104 (100) | 27.9 (19.6–44.9) | 34.2 (24.1–54.1) | 27.3 (19.2–36.3) | 20.2 (15.5–28.6) | 26.2 (18.5–47.1) |
| NT-proBNP, pmol/L | 104 (100) | 60 (21–226) | 120 (26–280) | 60 (23–216) | 24 (5–36) | 31 (12–282) |
Abbreviations: NYHA = New York Heart Association, RA = right atrial. RV = right ventricular, TAPSE = trans annular plain systolic excursion, LV = left ventricular, mPAP = mean pulmonary artery pressure, mRAP = mean right atrial pressure, PA = pulmonary artery, WU = Wood-units AO = aorta, NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, sST2 = soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2.