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. 2019 Sep 25;8(10):1537. doi: 10.3390/jcm8101537

Table 1.

Demographics and clinical features of sample.

Total Sample (n = 130) High PLE (n = 99) Low PLE (n = 31) Difference (t or χ2, p)
Age (years) mean (SD) 19.68 (1.9) 19.74 (2.09) 19.48 (1.12) −0.61, 52
Gender % (n) Male 20% (26) 21% (21) 16% (5) 0.38, 0.54
Ethnicity % (n) Hispanic 0.8% (1) 1 0 0.32, 0.57
Race % (n) - - - 4.36, 0.36
Asian 15% (19) 16% (16) 10% (3) -
African American 13% (17) 11% (11) 19% (6) -
Caucasian 59% (77) 60% (59) 58% (18) -
Multiracial 8% (10) 9% (9) 3% (1) -
Unknown 5% (7) 4% (4) 10% (3) -
Clinical High Risk Status % (n) 11% (14) 14% (14) 0% (0) -
Emotional Abuse M (SD) 10.35 (5.09) 11.32 (5.11) 7.26 (3.62) 4.11, <0.001 *
None to Low 46% (60) 36% (36) 77% (24) 16.51, 0.001 *
Low to Moderate 22% (28) 24% (24) 13% (4)
Moderate to Severe 13% (17) 16% (16) 3% (1)
Severe to Extreme 19% (25) 23% (23) 6% (2)
Physical Abuse Total M (SD) 7.15 (3.28) 7.38 (3.40) 6.39 (2.75) 1.48, 0.14
None to Low 69% (90) 65% (64) 84% (26) 4.25, 0.236
Low to Moderate 15% (20) 17% (17) 10% (3)
Moderate to Severe 7% (9) 8% (8) 3% (1)
Severe to Extreme 9% (11) 10% (10) 3% (1)
Sexual Abuse Total M (SD) 6.83 (4.36) 7.15 (4.78) 5.81 (2.37) 1.51, 0.14
None to Low 75% (97) 73% (73) 77% (24) 4.21, 0.240
Low to Moderate 7% (9) 5% (5) 13% (4)
Moderate to Severe 8% (11) 9% (9) 6% (2)
Severe to Extreme 10% (13) 12% (12) 3% (1)
Emotional Neglect Total M (SD) 10.08 (4.7) 10.86 (4.76) 7.58 (3.52) 3.54, 0.001 *
None to Low 53% (69) 46% (46) 74% (23) 8.442, 0.038 *
Low to Moderate 28% (37) 31% (31) 19% (6)
Moderate to Severe 11% (14) 12% (12) 6% (2)
Severe to Extreme 8% (10) 10% (10) 0% (0)
Physical Neglect Total M (SD) 6.88 (2.6) 7.19 (2.74) 5.90 (1.72) 2.47, 0.02 *
None to Low 69% (90) 65% (64) 84% (26) 5.833, 0.120
Low to Moderate 16% (21) 19% (19) 6% (2)
Moderate to Severe 9% (12) 9% (9) 10% (3)
Severe to Extreme 6% (7) 7% (7) 0% (0)
CTQ Total Score M (SD) 41.29 (14.97) 43.91 (12.59) 32.94 (8.63) 3.74, <0.001 *
SIPS 1 Unusual Thought Content M (SD) (range = 0–4) 90 (1.24) 1.06 (1.31) 0.39 (0.80) 2.71, 0.01 *
SIPS Paranoia/Delusional Ideas M (SD) (range = 0–5) 1.15 (1.26) 1.38 (1.27) 0.39 (0.92) 4.05, <0.001 *
SIPS Grandiosity M (SD) (range = 0–4) 0.28 (0.78) 0.36 (0.87) 0.03 (0.18) 2.09, 0.04 *
SIPS Perceptual Abnormalities M (SD) (range = 0–5) 0.71 (1.13) 0.85 (1.22) 0.26 (0.63) 2.59, 0.01 *
SIPS Disorganized Communication M (SD) (range = 0–4) 0.60 (0.87) 0.70 (0.91) 0.29 (0.64) 2.31, 0.02 *
PQ 2 Positive Total Score M (SD) (range = 0–38) 16.84 (9.53) 20.84 (6.92) 4.06 (3.60) 12.94, <0.001 *
Anxiety Disorder Diagnosis % (n) 55% (72) 62% (61) 36% (11) 2.60, 0.01 *
Depressive Disorder Diagnosis % (n) 46% (60) 53% (52) 26% (8) 2.65, 0.009 *
Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis % (n) 5% (7) 7% (7) 0% (0) 1.52, 0.13
PTSD 3 Diagnosis % (n) 13% (17) 16% (16) 3% (1) 1.88, 0.06
OCD 4 Disorder Diagnosis % (n) 10% (13) 10% (10) 10% (3) 0.07, 0.95
Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis % (n) 27% (35) 27% (27) 26% (8) 0.16, 0.87
Substance Use Disorder Diagnosis % (n) 24% (31) 25% (25) 19% (6) 0.67, 0.51

* = significant difference between groups; 1 = Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes; 2 = Prodromal Questionnaire; 3 = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; 4 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.