Table 1.

Home health monitoring solutions.^1.

Proposed Approaches	Overview of Main Characteristics	Literature
Smart Homes	Smart home infrastructure with strategically positioned sensors for patient monitoring and improvement of medication adherence.	[12]
	Based on television communication and an electronic medicine cabinet, MHS provides adaptive services for patient monitoring.	[13]
	Personalized home care system integrating wireless sensors, smartphones, webservers, and IP webcams for patient telemonitoring.	[37]
Mobile devices and applications	A health telemonitoring system prototype incorporates an Android smartphone, acting as a gateway between a set of wireless medical sensors and a data server.	[10]
	Data security in Android-based devices used for telemedicine approaches is addressed.	[11]
	A schedule programmable blister card holder device reminds the patient about medicine intake with sound signals. A light signal of different colors indicates the level of medication adherence.	[27]
	Mobile application with a conversational interface improving patient education and informing both patient and health caretakers about medication schedules, intake, side effects, and food interactions, among others.	[29]
Wearable devices	A smartwatch with embedded movement sensors detects patient behavior as indicators for medication intake.	[30]
	Machine learning algorithms are used to detect natural movements provided by a wearable wristband sensor as indicators of the medication intake activities.	[38]
	A shirt with an array of embedded sensors connected to a central processing unit continuously monitors physiological data of the patient.	[51]
Ingestible sensors	An integrated circuit microsensor ingested with the medication gives real-time information about the treatment adherence along with physiologic parameters to learn the body response to the drug.	[33,34]
	Description of an in vivo communication system between a microsensor embedded in the medication and a patch receiver on the patient skin. Data are available to the involved persons via mobile and Web interfaces.	[31,32]
Implantable sensor	A membrane-type sensor is described as continuous blood pressure monitoring.	[55]

¹ Health monitoring solutions are organized from less invasive to more invasive.