Table 4.

Multiple linear regression analysis between serum GDF-15 levels and the clinical parameters.

A: Multiple linear regression analysis of GDF15 and the clinical data
	Dependent variable: log (GDF−15)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Independent variable.	β-value (p)	β-value (p)	β-value (p)	β-value (p)
eGFR	−0.650 (<0.001) ***	−0.655 (<0.001) ***	−0.613 (<0.001) ***	−0.597 (<0.001) ***
BNP (log)	−0.009 (0.929)	−0.011 (0.912)	−0.042 (0.649)	−0.040 (0.663)
Hb	−0.106 (0.257)	−0.110 (0.253)	−0.079 (0.372)	−0.084 (0.343)
SMI	0.036 (0.722)	0.031 (0.771)	−0.171 (0.139)	−0.196 (0.098)
Hand−grip strength	0.106 (0.312)	0.323 (0.104)	−0.105 (0.367)	−0.059 (0.632)
Anterior TMth (supine)	−0.358 (0.001) **	−0.362 (0.001) **	−0.233 (0.033) *	−0.272 (0.019) *
B: Multiple linear regression analysis of anterior thigh muscle thickness (supine) and serum markers
	Dependent variable: anterior thigh muscle thickness (supine)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Independent variable	β-value (p)	β-value (p)	β-value (p)	β-value (p)
GDF−15 (log)	−0.401 (0.005) **	−0.311 (0.024) *	−0.384 (0.007) **	−0.390 (0.004) **
TNFα (log)	−0.007 (0.955)	−0.054 (0.671)	−0.068 (0.584)	−0.054 (0.644)
IGF−1	0.256 (0.031) *	0.094 (0.456)	0.071 (0.656)	0.078 (0.506)
C: Multiple linear regression analysis of eGFR and the clinical data
	Dependent variable: eGFR
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Independent variable	β-value (p)	β-value (p)	β-value (p)	β-value (p)
BNP (log)	−0.164 (0.070)	−0.149 (0.106)	−0.149 (0.113)	−0.170 (0.070)
hsCRP (log)	−0.070 (0.377)	−0.094 (0.262)	−0.097 (0.257)	−0.085 (0.999)
Hb	0.035 (0.685)	0.005 (0.958)	0.002 (0.984)	0.011 (0.657)
GDF−15 (log)	−0.583 (<0.001) ***	−0.571 (<0.001) ***	−0.577 (<0.001) ***	−0.565 (<0.001) ***
TNFα (log)	−0.177 (0.069)	−0.196 (0.050)	−0.198 (0.050)	−0.197 (0.050)

Model 1, unadjusted; Model 2, adjusted by age; Model 3, adjusted by age and sex; Model 4, adjusted by age, sex, and BMI.