Table 4.

Kynurenines and associated elements (enzymes, receptors) and members of the ECS that participate in the inflammatory mechanism of schizophrenia. The table also highlights the common points between the two systems relevant to this aspect.

Members and Features	References
Kynurenines and associated elements
l-KYN, KYNA, 3-HK	[15,35,172]
KAT, IDO, KMO	[173,174,175]
GPR35 1, AHR 1	[14,15]
ECS
AEA, 2-AG	[176,177,178]
CB2R, CB1R	[19,179]
Common points
Cytokine regulation, microglial activation	[19,35,175,177,178,179]
Oxidative stress	[16,17,20,180,181,182,183,184]
KYNA and endocannabinoids communicate with gut microbiome	[14,18,185,186,187]
Involvement in IBD	[18,186,188]
Common features of GPR35 and CBRs	[49,78,189,190,191]

¹ targeted by KYNA.