Table 2.

Sow reproductive disorders after experimental JEV infection and clinical signs and lesions after experimental JEV infection of piglets.

Method	Clinical Signs	Macroscopic Lesions	Microscopic Lesions	Reference
5 pregnant sows, IV inoculation, Fuji strain, bled daily until farrow	No	/	/	[51] 1st experiment
6 pregnant sows, IV inoculation, Kanagawa strain, bled daily until farrow	Mummified and hydrocephalic fetuses in 2/6 litters	/	/	[51] 2nd experiment
14 piglets, IV inoculation, clinical signs monitoring and histopathology after euthanasia	Fever until 4 dpi, depression and hind limbs tremor	No	Non-suppurative encephalitis with perivascular cuffing of mononuclear cells and multifocal gliosis in grey and white matter cerebrum	[62]
10 piglets, intranasal inoculation, clinical signs monitoring and histopathology after euthanasia	Fever until 4 dpi, depression and slight hind limbs tremor on 4 piglets until 10 dpi maximum	No	Non-suppurative encephalitis with perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes, multifocal gliosis, neuronal degeneration, and necrosis	[63]
12 piglets, IV and ID inoculation, clinical signs monitoring, histopathology after euthanasia and RT-PCR on tissues	Fever until 5 dpi, reduce appetite, less manure, and reluctance to move until 6 to 9 dpi	No	Signs of viral meningoencephalomyelitis	[22]
10 piglets, IV inoculation, clinical signs monitoring, histopathology after euthanasia and RT-PCR on tissues	Fever until 5 dpi, mild depression and lethargy until 5 dpi, mild ataxia between 10 and 13 dpi, 2 pigs with hind limb ataxia between 19 and 27 dpi	No	No	[54]

IV—intravenous; ID—intradermal; dpi—day post-infection; RT-PCR—reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; /—not investigated.