Table 3.
Patient characteristics, biomarker levels and diastolic function indices on TTE according to iron status in the heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) cohort.
| Iron Deficient | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron Replete | Total | Absolute | Functional | p-Value | |
| Female sex, n (%) | 14 (23%) | 29 (40%) | 24 (49%) | 5 (22%) | 0.007 * |
| Age, HFpEF | 74.7 ± 11.1 | 76.4 ± 12.4 | 77.3 ± 13.1 | 74.5 ± 11 | 0.32 |
| NYHA class, I/II/III/IV (%) | 0/4/23/34 | 0/6/32/32 | 0/3/24/20 | 0/3/8/11 | 0.74 |
| Length of stay, days | 12 ± 8 | 12 ± 9 | 11 ± 10 | 12 ± 6.5 | 0.78 |
| CAD, n (%) | 25 (42%) | 28 (41%) | 19 (40%) | 8 (38%) | 0.96 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 45 (74%) | 46 (64%) | 32 (65%) | 13 (59%) | 0.39 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 18 (30%) | 20 (28%) | 10 (20%) | 9 (41%) | 0.20 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 28 (48%) | 29 (40%) | 16 (33%) | 12 (55%) | 0.14 |
| Active/past smoker, n (%) | 37 (64%) | 51 (72%) | 32 (67%) | 18 (82%) | 0.30 |
| CKD, n (%) | 24 (39%) | 17 (24%) | 10 (21%) | 7 (32%) | 0.12 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 23 (38%) | 24 (33%) | 14 (29%) | 9 (41%) | 0.49 |
| COPD, n (%) | 9 (15%) | 10 (14%) | 8 (17%) | 2 (9%) | 0.74 |
| CRP | 11.4 ± 24.6 | 8.7 ± 19.1 | 7.9 ± 12.8 | 11.4 ± 35.6 | 0.33 |
| BNP | 1294 ± 983 | 1292 ± 1052 | 1340 ± 678 | 926 ± 737 | 0.41 |
| NT-proBNP | 7928 ± 7201 | 6853 ± 10,327 | 6998 ± 10,787 | 3938 ± 7196 | 0.45 |
| EF (%) | 27.5 ± 10 | 27.5 ± 10 | 27.5 ± 7.5 | 32.5 ± 8.8 | 0.083 |
CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association; CRP, C-reactive protein, BNP, brain-natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of BNP; EF, ejection fraction. * denotes p-value less than the significance threshold of <0.05.