| PhSH | thiophenol |
| DNPS | 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl |
| DNP | 2,4-dinitrophenyl |
| GSH | glutathione |
| Cys | cysteine |
| Hcy | homocysteine |
| NBD | 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole |
| LOD | limit of detection |
| SNAr | nucleophilic aromatic substitution |
| PET | photoinduced electron transfer |
| GC–FPD | gas chromatography–flame photometric detector |
| BODIPY | boron dipyrromethene difluoride |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| NIR | near-infrared |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| MS | mass spectroscopy |
| TBET | through-bond energy transfer |
| HEPES | N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2′-ethanesulfonic acid |
| MeOH | methanol |
| DMF | N,N-dimethylformamide |
| FRET | fluorescence resonance energy transfer |
| HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
| ESIPT | excited-state intramolecular proton transfer |
| Bpy | 2,2’-bipyridine |
| ECL | electrogenerated chemiluminescence |
| TprA | tripropylamine |
| TBAP | tetrabutylammonium perchlorate |
| PBS | phosphate buffer saline |
| CTAB | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide |
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