Table 7.

Summary of four-way ANOVA comparing associations between HC-SSs and NC-GEs^a

	Source	F (df)	p	Post hoc analysis (if any) and corresponding p value (Tukey's range test)
Main effect	GE	90.4 (3,27)	3.37 × 10−14	TB versus SS		TB versus DS		TB versus US		SS versus DS		SS versus US		DS versus US
				NS		3.843 × 10−9		3.787 × 10−9		3.840 × 10−9		3.786 × 10−9		NS
	Stage	242.5 (1,27)	5.19 × 10−15	NA
	AP	54.6 (1,27)	6.04 × 10−8	NA
	ROI	24.9 (9,27)	7.77 × 10−11		LT	CG	OF	PF	PC	MTO	MOP	IS	LP	LO
				LO versus	0.0052	1.295 × 10−7	1.567 × 10−7	1.583 × 10−7	0.0208	NS	0.0002	NS	1.815 × 10−5	NA
				MOP versus	NS	0.0017	0.0279	0.0294	NS	0.0267	NA	0.0480	NS	0.0002
				LP versus	NS	0.0217	NS	NS	NS	0.0021	NS	0.0041	NA	1.815 × 10−5
				CG versus	8.018 × 10−5	NA	NS	NS	1.895 × 10−5	2.822 × 10−7	0.0017	4.092 × 10−7	0.0217	1.295 × 10−7
Two-way interaction	GE × stage	0.2 (3,27)	0.9128	NA
	GE × AP	10.9 (3,27)	0.0001	aPH versus pHC			TB		DS		SS		US
							1.0000		0.0085		4.203 × 10−7		0.1645
	GE × ROI	2.0 (27,27)	0.0354		LT	CG	OF	PF	PC	MTO	MOP	IS	LP	LO
				TB versus SS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
				TB versus DS	NS	0.0144	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	0.0029	0.0333	NS
				TB versus US	NS	0.0071	NS	NS	NS	NS	0.0054	NS	0.0050	0.0089
				SS versus DS	0.0040	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	0.0005	NS	NS
				SS versus US	0.0060	NS	0.0392	NS	NS	0.0197	NS	NS	NS	0.0293
				DS versus US	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	Stage × AP	1.1 (1,27)	0.3008	NA
	Stage × ROI	7.1 (9,27)	3.28 × 10−5	N2 versus N3	LT	CG	OF	PF	PC	MTO	MOP	IS	LP	LO
					2.696 × 10−5	NS	9.627 × 10−7	0.0047	0.0003	NS	0.0824	1.304 × 10−5	0.0032	NS
	AP × ROI	1.8 (9,27)	0.1213	NA
Three-way interaction	GE × stage × AP	11.1 (3,27)	0.0001				N2 aHC		N2 pHC		N3 aHC		N3 pHC
				NC-SS, N2 pHC			7.634 × 10−6		NA		5.141 × 10−7		1.653 × 10−5
				NC-DS, N3 aHC			1.038 × 10−5		7.725 × 10−7		NA		0.0196
				NC-US, N3 aHC			9.516 × 10−7		1.190 × 10−5		NA		0.0016
	GE × stage × ROI	1.0 (27,27)	0.4610	NA
	GE × AP × ROI	1.7 (27,27)	0.0907	NA
	Stage × AP × ROI	3.0 (9,27)	0.0139	Mostly NS (e.g., for orbitofrontal, p = 1.138 × 10−5 for N2 pHC vs N3 aHC, and p = 4.444 × 10−6 for N3 pHC vs N3 aHC)

^aFor each HC-NC electrode pair and sleep stage (N2 vs N3), the significance of the NC-GE occurrence times relative to the HC-SS onset was determined (see Fig. 3B; Materials and Methods). We then tallied the proportion of significant channel pairs according to their HC location (aHC, pHC), NC location (see Extended Data Table 4-1; Fig. 5A), and GE type (TB, DS, SS, US). These proportions were then entered into ANOVA. LO, Lateral occipital; LT, lateral temporal; CG, cingulate; OF, orbitofrontal; PF, prefrontal; PC, paracentral; MTO, medial temporo-occipital; MOP, medial occipito-parietal; IS, insula; LP, lateral parietal; NS, not significant (for post hoc Tukey's range tests, p > 0.1).