. 2019 Sep 25;11(10):564. doi: 10.3390/toxins11100564

Table 1.

Antimicrobial activity of snake venoms.

Properties	Target Microbe	Factor (Protein/Peptide)	Source (Snake Specie)
Antibacterial	Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria	L-amino acid oxidase	Bothrop alternatus, Bothrop pirajai, Bothrop asper, Bothrop leucurus, Crotalus adamanteus, Daboia russelli russelli, Ophiophagus hannah and Pseudechis australis
Antibacterial	Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria	Phospholipase (PLA₂)	Bothrop asper, Bothrop jararacussu, Bothrop pirajai, Bothrop moojeni, Bungarus faciatus and Crotalus durissus terrificus
Antiviral	Measles, yellow fever and dengue viruses	Crotoxin and PLA₂	Crotalus durissus terrificus
	Sendai virus	Cytotoxins	Naja nigricollis
	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)	L-amino acid oxidase	Trimeresurus stejnegeri, Bungarus candidus, Naja naja and Naja kaouthia
	Hepatitis C virus (HCV)	Crotoxin, PLA₂ and crotapotin	Crotalus durissus terrificus
Antifungal	Candida parapsilosis and Sporothrix schenckii	Metalloproteinases and PLA2	Crotalus durissus cumanensis
Antifungal	Candida parapsilosis and Sporothrix schenckii	Crotamine	Crotalus durissus terrificus
Antiparasitic	Leishmania species, Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi	L-amino-acid oxidases	Brothrops snakes