Table 2.
Qualitative synthesis: self-reported intentional weight loss, weight cycling, and endometrial cancer risk
| Author, year | Comparison | Effect estimates | Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported intentional weight loss | |||
| Luo, 2017 | weight gain vs. stable weight | HR=1.26 (1.00–1.57) | age at enrollment, race/ethnicity, education, smoking pack-years, recreational physical activity, history of hormone therapy use, parity, age of menarche, age at first birth, family history of endometrial cancer, and BMI |
| weight loss vs. stable weight | HR=0.70 (0.51–0.98) | ||
| intentional weight loss vs. stable weight | HR=0.61 (0.40–0.92) | ||
| unintentional weight loss vs. stable weight | HR=0.91 (0.56–1.46) | ||
| Parker, 2003 | weight loss ≥20lbs intentional vs. never lost ≥20lbs | RR=0.96 (0.61–1.52) | age, BMI, BMI2, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, education, marital status, smoking status, pack-years cigarettes, current estrogen use, alcohol use, parity, and multivitamin use |
| weight loss ≥20lbs unintentional vs. never lost ≥20lbs | RR=1.29 (0.81–2.05) | ||
| weight loss ≥20lbs intentional + ≥20lbs unintentional vs. never lost ≥20lbs | RR=1.38 (0.85–2.25) | ||
| Weight cycling | |||
| Welti, 2017 | weight gain vs. stable weight | RR=1.16 (0.95–1.42) | age, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, hormone therapy use, health eating index, BMI at baseline |
| weight loss vs. stable weight | RR=1.02 (0.62–1.68) | ||
| weight cycle vs. stable weight | RR=1.23 (1.01–1.49) | ||
| Nagle, 2013 | lost and maintained >9kg vs. no intentional weight loss followed by regain | OR=1.02 (0.71–1.45) | age, age at menarche, parity, duration of oral contraceptive pill use, hormone replacement therapy use>3month, smoking status, diabetes, recent BMI |
| lost and gained >9kg 1+times vs. no intentional weight loss followed by regain | OR=2.33 (1.58–3.44) | ||
| Stevens, 2012 | 1–4 times weight cycles vs. non-cycler | RR=1.07 (0.87–1.32) | alcohol use, smoking, physical activity, family history of EC, diabetes, number of live birth/age at first birth, age at menarche, age at menopause, hormone replacement therapy use, oral contraceptive use, and total energy intake, recent BMI |
| 5–9 times weight cycles vs. non-cycler | RR=1.14 (0.85–1.53) | ||
| 10+ times weight cycles vs. non-cycler | RR=1.05 (0.77–1.42) | ||
| Trentham-Dietz, 2006 | ever weight cycling vs. never | OR=1.27 (1.00–1.61) | age, age at menarche, parity, menopausal status, age at menopause, smoking, postmenopausal hormone use, recent BMI, recent physical activity, and diabetes |
| once weight cycling vs. never | OR=1.20 (0.84–1.71) | ||
| 2–4 times weight cycling vs. never | OR=1.36 (0.98–1.88) | ||
| 5+ times weight cycling vs. never | OR=1.26 (0.80–1.97) | ||
HR: Hazard Ratio; RR: Risk Ratio; OR: Odds Ratio; BMI: Body Mass Index