Table 3.

Decomposition of concentration index of chronic diseases and preventive care

	Hypertension and preventive care									Diabetes and preventive care
	Presence of hypertension			Adequate medication			Measure blood-pressure			Presence of diabetes			Adequate medication			Test blood-glucose
	dy/dx	Con.	% con.	dy/dx	Con.	% con.	dy/dx	Con.	% con.	dy/dx	Con.	% con.	dy/dx	Con.	% con.	dy/dx	Con.	% con.
Age (Ref: 45–64 years)
65–79	0.137***	−0.012	−21.321	0.077***	− 0.002	−2.787	0.025***	< 0.001	− 2.264	0.018***	− 0.008	−3.161	0.007	< 0.001	− 0.056	0.021	< 0.001	− 0.254
80 or above	0.129***	−0.002	−3.539	0.055*	< 0.001	−0.469	−0.011	< 0.001	0.233	< 0.001	< 0.001	−0.005	0.091	< 0.001	0.311	−0.072	< 0.001	−0.379
Gender (Ref: Female)
Male	−0.043***	0.001	1.023	−0.051***	−0.001	−1.587	− 0.006	< 0.001	− 0.473	−0.001	< 0.001	0.026	0.017	0.001	0.987	0.007	< 0.001	0.644
Economic status (Ref: Poorest)
Poorer	0.039***	−0.015	−27.020	0.052**	−0.007	−10.499	0.012	−0.001	−6.139	0.020***	−0.042	−15.964	0.050	−0.006	−8.413	0.022	−0.002	−5.823
Middle	0.046***	< 0.001	0.154	0.052**	< 0.001	0.014	0.005	< 0.001	0.003	0.026***	< 0.001	0.101	0.132***	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.059**	< 0.001	< 0.001
Richer	0.046***	0.018	32.382	0.083***	0.011	16.805	0.039***	0.003	19.252	0.028***	0.060	22.873	0.118***	0.013	19.872	0.082***	0.008	21.208
Richest	0.071***	0.054	97.799	0.132***	0.036	53.332	0.057***	0.010	56.894	0.052***	0.217	82.167	0.134***	0.030	45.182	0.088***	0.016	45.756
Educational level (Ref: Primary or below)
Middle school	−0.034***	−0.004	−6.498	0.038**	0.001	2.173	0.006	< 0.001	0.894	0.001	< 0.001	0.158	0.046	0.001	0.973	0.005	< 0.001	0.172
High school	−0.021**	− 0.004	−6.548	0.056**	0.004	5.527	−0.004	< 0.001	−1.013	0.003	0.003	1.004	0.019	0.001	1.905	0.033	0.002	5.051
College or above	0.007	0.001	1.146	0.090**	0.003	4.455	0.056***	0.001	6.760	0.007	0.003	1.201	0.028	0.001	2.158	0.056	0.002	6.733
Employment status (Ref: Unemployed)
Employed	−0.079***	0.007	11.745	−0.096***	0.005	7.342	−0.003	< 0.001	0.648	−0.033***	0.015	5.559	−0.109***	0.005	7.025	−0.104***	0.004	10.311
Marital status (Ref: Single)
Married	−0.005	< 0.001	−0.766	0.072***	0.002	3.527	< 0.001	< 0.001	−0.016	0.005	0.002	0.853	0.085**	0.002	2.332	0.027	< 0.001	1.132
Basic medical insurance (Ref: No)
Yse	0.007	< 0.001	−0.126	−0.082	0.001	0.819	0.031	< 0.001	−0.774	−0.003	< 0.001	0.052	0.033	< 0.001	−0.226	0.050	< 0.001	−0.525
Commercial insurance (Ref: No)
Yes	0.033***	0.001	2.238	−0.060*	−0.001	− 0.913	0.014	< 0.001	0.521	−0.004	− 0.001	− 0.342	−0.071	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.016	< 0.001	< 0.001
Urban and rural (Ref: Rural)
Urban	0.004	0.001	2.282	0.096***	0.014	20.265	0.012	0.001	6.311	0.016***	0.030	11.477	0.099***	0.013	19.794	−0.017	−0.002	−5.296

Note: (1) dy/dx: Partial effect in Probit regression model; Con.: The absolute contribution of each determinant ($Q_k={\beta }_k\frac{{\overline{x}}_k}{\mu }{C}_k$); % con.:The percentage contribution of each determinant to the total concentration index (100Q_k /C); (2) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001