Table 3.
Factors associated with EV infection in household contacts
| Characteristics | Laboratory confirmedx (n=148) |
Not Laboratory confirmed (n=433) |
Crude RR [cRR] |
95% CI | P-value | Adjusted RR [aRR] |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relationship to index case | |||||||
| Aunt/uncle/other | 16 (10) | 142 (90) | 1.00 | ||||
| Grandparent | 6 (9) | 59 (91) | 0.90 | [0.34, 2.42] | 0.84 | 1.13 | 0.81 |
| Sibling | 31 (34) | 60 (66) | 4.90 | [2.76, 8.71] | <0.001 | 5.58 | <0.001 |
| Parent | 95 (36) | 172 (64) | 4.59 | [2.34, 9.00] | <0.001 | 5.70 | <0.001 |
| Aunt/uncle/grandparent | 22 (15) | 201 (46) | 1.00 | ||||
| Parent/sibling | 126 (85) | 232 (54) | 4.96 | [3.04, 8.11] | <0.001 | 5.20 | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 89 (29) | 221 (71) | 1.00 | ||||
| Male | 59 (22) | 212 (78) | 0.69 | [0.47, 1.01] | 0.06 | 0.61 | 0.02 |
| Age | |||||||
| <1 year | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | ||||
| 1-<3 years | 5 (36) | 9 (64) | 1.00 | ||||
| 3-<6 years | 7 (33) | 14 (67) | 0.90 | [0.22, 3.73] | 0.88 | - | - |
| 6-<15 years | 15 (31) | 33 (69) | 0.82 | [0.23, 2.86] | 0.75 | - | - |
| 15+ | 121 (24) | 377 (76) | 0.58 | [0.19, 1.757] | 0.33 | - | - |
| <1 year | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | ||||
| 1-<3 years | 5 (36) | 9 (64) | 1.00 | ||||
| 3+ years | 153 (26) | 424 (74) | 0.607 | [0.20, 1.84] | 0.38 | - | - |
| Household size! | |||||||
| <5 | 42 (30) | 96 (70) | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥5 | 106 (24) | 337 (76) | 0.72 | [0.47, 1.09] | 0.49 | - | - |
| Number of children in household | |||||||
| <2 | 59 (25) | 177 (75) | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥2 | 89 (26) | 256 (74) | 1.06 | [0.73, 1.56] | 0.75 | - | - |
| Symptoms (household) ð | |||||||
| Ill | 6 (21) | 22 (79) | 0.84 | [0.33, 2.13] | 0.72 | ||
| Fever | 2 (18) | 9 (82) | 0.69 | [0.15, 3.23] | 0.63 | ||
| HFMD | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | - | - | - | ||
| Rash | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Toy sharing~ | |||||||
| No | 10 (37) | 23 (41) | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 17 (63) | 33 (59) | 1.19 | [0.46, 3.05] | 0.73 | - | - |
Values expressed as number (percentage within exposure group) unless otherwise indicated.
X Defined as a positive RT-PCR, or a 4-fold change in a single EV-A71, CV-A6, CV-A16 (or more) serotype neutralizing antibody titers between sample 1 and sample 2.
! Mean household size 4.86 people, total n=150.
~ Defined as either index case or household contact (≤15yrs) stating yes to toy sharing. (n=83)
ð Experienced illness in the past two weeks; Fever: experienced fever in the past two weeks; HFMD: experienced Hand, Foot and Mouth disease in the past 4 weeks; Rash: exhibited a sore on hand, foot or mouth in the past 4 weeks