Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort
| Maternal characteristics | |
| Age, years | 32.6 ± 4.8 (23–45) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.9 ± 6.4 (23.0–49.5) |
| Parity | |
| 1 | 37 (66.1) |
| 2+ | 19 (33.9) |
| Gestation and delivery | |
| Gestational age, weeks | 38.1 ± 2.3 (32.3–41.3) |
| Prematurity | 15 (26.8) |
| Gestational diabetes | 17 (30.4) |
| - Insulin-dependent | 9 (52.9) |
| - Lifestyle management | 8 (47.1) |
| Preeclampsia | 21 (37.5) |
| - Early-onset | 4 (19) |
| - Late-onset | 17 (81) |
| - Medical treatment | 16 (76.2) |
| - Labetalol | 16 (100) |
| - Methyldopa | 1 (6.2) |
| - Nifedipine | 1 (6.2) |
| - Magnesium | 16 (100) |
| Delivery mode | |
| Vaginal | 31 (55.4) |
| Cesarean section | 25 (44.6) |
| - Primary | 16 (28.6) |
| - Secondary | 9 (16.1) |
| Epidural anesthesia | 51 (91.1) |
| Narcotics for pain during labor | 0 (0) |
| Neonatal characteristics | |
| Male sex | 29 (51.8) |
| Birth weight, g | 2893 ± 702 (1150–4095) |
| Birth length, cm | 47.3 ± 3.8 (35–54) |
| Apgar score (5 min) | 9.1 ± 1.1 (5–10) |
| pH (umbilical blood) | 7.27 ± 0.5 (7.14–7.39) |
| Blood sampling | |
| Sampling during active labor | 18 (32.1) |
| Before birth, hours | 79.3 ± 21.6 (0.5–797) |
| After birth, hours | 12.1 ± 1.9 (2.1–97) |
| Data are mean ± SD (range) or number of cases (%) | |