Table 5.
Maternal report of childhood abuse, intimate partner violence or both (violence exposure), maternal health and child emotional and/or behavioral difficulties at age four (n = 1507).
| Maternal report | Cohort |
Univariable model |
Multivariable modelsb |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child emotional/behavioral difficulties (SDQ ≥ 15) |
Model 1. |
Model 2. + Mental health |
Model 3. + Mental + Physical health |
|||
| % | % | Unadj.OR [95%CI]a | Adj.OR [95%CI]c | Adj. OR [95%CI] | Adj. OR [95%CI] | |
| Violence exposure | ||||||
| None | 46·2 | 6·0 | 1·0 [ref] | 1·0 [ref] | 1·0 [ref] | 1·0 [ref] |
| Mother childhood abuse alone | 24·5 | 8·3 | 1·4 [0·8–2·6] | 1·4 [0·8,2·6] | 1·3 [0·7,2·5] | 1·3 [0·7,2·4] |
| Intimate partner violence alone | 12·5 | 14·3 | 2·6 [1·4–4·9] | 2·3 [1·2,4·5] | 2·0 [1·0,3·9] | 1·9 [1·1,3·8] |
| Mother childhood abuse & IPV | 16·7 | 26·2 | 5·6 [3·3–9·4] | 5·0 [2·9,8·6] | 3·7 [2·1,6·7] | 3·5 [1·9,6·3] |
| Poor maternal mental healthd | ||||||
| None | 65·5 | 7·1 | 1·0 [ref] | 1·0 [ref] | 1·0 [ref] | |
| One time point | 22·0 | 13·7 | 2·1 [1·3–3·5] | 1·5 [0·9,2·6] | 1·5 [0·9,2·6] | |
| Two or three time points | 12·5 | 26·9 | 4·8 [2·9–8·1] | 3·1 [1·7,5·6] | 3·0 [1·7,5·4] | |
| Poor maternal physical healthd | ||||||
| None | 65·5 | 9·0 | 1·0 [ref] | 1·0 [ref] | ||
| One time point | 24·5 | 12·5 | 1·4 [0·9–2·3] | 1·2 [0·7,2·0] | ||
| Two or three time points | 10·1 | 20·5 | 2·6 [1·5–4·4] | 1·9 [1·1,3·4] | ||
a
Unadjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval].
b
All multivariable models also adjust for maternal age and child gender.
c
Adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval].
d
Poor health defined as SF-36 component Score < 1SD below mean score.