Figure 1.

Ion channels as potential redox sensors in lysosomes.

A schematic summary of the lysosomal ion channels as potential redox sensors reviewed in this article. TRPML1 can be activated by intracellular ROS, leading to Ca²⁺ release, followed by TFEB activation and autophagy boost. TRPM2, found on the lysosomes of immune cells, are indirectly activated by ROS via ADPR, resulting an increase of intracellular Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺, which are closely involved in β cell death and actin remodeling. BK channels on plasma membrane undergo complex oxidation modulation, whether lysosomal BK can be regulated by the same mechanism is unclear. Similarly, more work is needed for the role of redox status on other lysosomal channels such as TMEM175 and CLCs.