Figure 1.

Levels of the immune activation markers neopterin (A), CXCL10 (B), CCL2 (C), and interleukin 6 (IL-6; D) in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in all available samples from participants with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (AHI) before (week 0) and 24 and 96 weeks after antiretroviral therapy initiation, compared with those in HIV-negative healthy controls. Mean values are denoted by central horizontal lines, and standard deviations are denoted by upper and lower horizontal lines.