Figure 2.

Upregulation of gene transcripts involved in protein processing machinery associated with the acquisition of extreme freeze tolerance in malt fly larvae. Genes/pathways in red are upregulated (with weaker red indicating relatively weaker upregulation), blue are downregulated and grey are unchanged for cold-acclimated larvae relative to those in early diapause. Differential expression was based on both KEGG pathways (electronic supplementary material, figures S3 and S8) and individual gene expression analyses (electronic supplementary material, spreadsheet S1) (see text for more details). See electronic supplementary material, figure S10 for full a description of the upregulated genes and processes.