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. 2019 Aug 13;220(12):1926–1934. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz399

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Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2019.

This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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Figure 1. — Levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) after hepatitis B vaccination of rhesus macaques. Anti-HBs levels after dissolvable microneedle patch (dMNP) vaccination with adjuvant-free hepatitis B vaccine (AFV) (dMNP-I group [dose, 24 ± 8 μg] depicted with closed circles and dMNP-II group [dose, 48 ± 14 μg] with open circles) (A); intramuscular injection of AFV (B); and intramuscular injection of standard aluminum-adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine (AAV) (C). Anti-HBs levels were analyzed in weekly serum samples after vaccination. Points in the line graphs indicate titers for each animal in each experimental group (n = 7 for dMNP group; n = 4 for both intramuscular AAV and intramuscular AFV groups). Seropositive titers were defined as any detectable anti-HBs level and the threshold as ≥10 mIU/mL. After both initial and booster vaccinations, 5 of 7 animals receiving dMNP vaccine, 3 of 4 receiving intramuscular AFV, and all 4 receiving intramuscular AAV had anti-HBs levels ≥10 mIU/mL.