Table 1. Characteristics of monitored buildings.
| Prop. vegetationi | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Building IDa | Quintileb | Height (m)c | Glass area (m2)d | Area light (m2)e | Prop. lightf | Footprint (m2)g | Distance to river (m)h | 50 m buffer | 100 m buffer |
| 1 (Stadium) | NA | 83 | 11,319 | 7,722 | 0.68 | 51,863 | 612 | 0.16 | 0.10 |
| 2 | 1 | 26 | 980 | 494 | 0.50 | 5,956 | 955 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| 3 | 5 | 139 | 4,255 | 996 | 0.23 | 3,233 | 998 | 0.22 | 0.10 |
| 4 | 5 | 241 | 16,913 | 2,454 | 0.15 | 2,415 | 1,096 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 5 | 3 | 19 | 1,825 | 232 | 0.13 | 2,576 | 494 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 6 | 4 | 127 | 1,434 | 624 | 0.44 | 4,727 | 660 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 7 | 2 | 95 | 682 | 128 | 0.19 | 1,029 | 831 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 8 | 2 | 46 | 782 | 375 | 0.48 | 1,583 | 999 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 9 | 5 | 64 | 3,476 | 1,112 | 0.32 | 3,835 | 857 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 10 | 4 | 73 | 452 | 234 | 0.52 | 1,522 | 761 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 11 | 4 | 34 | 2,165 | 367 | 0.17 | 1,504 | 553 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 12 | 3 | 30 | 1,947 | 895 | 0.46 | 2,725 | 538 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| 13 | 1 | 61 | 1,651 | 1,317 | 0.80 | 5,762 | 1,368 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 14 | 1 | 26 | 452 | 172 | 0.38 | 4,294 | 1,290 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 15 | 3 | 171 | 8,245 | 1,772 | 0.21 | 3,724 | 741 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 16 | 2 | 12 | 296 | 23 | 0.08 | 1,505 | 1,407 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| 17 | 5 | 123 | 6,537 | 4,277 | 0.65 | 4,615 | 811 | 0.19 | 0.12 |
| 18 | NA | 29 | 773 | 233 | 0.30 | 1,636 | 338 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 19 | NA | 92 | 3,698 | 261 | 0.07 | 5,461 | 451 | 0.03 | 0.12 |
| 20 | NA | 15 | 4,476 | 1,048 | 0.23 | 5,779 | 385 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| 21 | NA | 19 | 933 | 377 | 0.40 | 2,799 | 398 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Characteristics of 21 buildings, including U.S. Bank Stadium, monitored for bird collisions in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 2017–2018.
aUnique numeric code for each building used for purposes of current study.
bFor buildings previously monitored in Project BirdSafe, the quintile into which they were placed for stratified random selection approach in the current study (see text for details); quintiles are based on total collisions observed across 64 buildings originally monitored in that earlier study (1 = 0–20 percentile of observed collisions; 2 = 20–40%; 3 = 40–60%; 4 = 60–80%; 5 = 80–100%; NA indicates buildings with no past history of collision monitoring).
cEstimated height of the main roof of the building.
dTotal estimated area of glass (including windows and other glass surfaces) across all building facades, excluding glass recessed from the main façade for which collision casualties were likely to land on elevated surfaces not covered by surveys.
eArea of all windows emitting artificial light during nighttime periods.
fProportion of all glass surfaces emitting artificial light during nighttime periods (calculated by dividing Area light by Glass area).
gHorizontal ground area covered by the building (based on building’s outer edge).
hDistance from building centroid to nearest edge of the Mississippi River corridor
iProportion of land covered by vegetation within 50 and 100m of building (includes grass/shrub and deciduous/coniferous trees; excludes bare soil, roads and other paved surfaces, and other buildings)