Table 3. Top ten most frequently colliding bird species.

All seasons		Spring (15 Mar-31 May)
Species	Count	Species	Count
White-throated Sparrow	141	Ovenbird	37
Nashville Warbler	108	White-throated Sparrow	34
Ovenbird	98	Tennessee Warbler	15
Common Yellowthroat	74	Unknown birda	13
Tennessee Warbler	68	American Woodcock	8
Dark-eyed Junco	33	Black-billed Cuckoo	7
Unknown birda	32	Northern Waterthrush	7
Black-and-white Warbler	29	Dark-eyed Junco	7
Ruby-throated Hummingbird	26	Black-and-white Warbler	6
Northern Waterthrush	22	Yellow-bellied Sapsucker	5
Summer (1–30 Jun)		Fall (15 Aug-31 Oct)
Species	Count	Species	Count
House Sparrow	6	White-throated Sparrow	107
Black-billed Cuckoo	5	Nashville Warbler	104
Yellow-billed Cuckoo	4	Common Yellowthroat	66
House Finch	4	Ovenbird	61
Common Yellowthroat	3	Tennessee Warbler	53
Unknown birda	2	Dark-eyed Junco	26
Chipping Sparrow	1	Ruby-throated Hummingbird	23
Virginia Rail	1	Black-and-white Warbler	23
Mourning Warbler	1	Lincoln's Sparrow	19
Red-eyed Vireo	1	Red-breasted Nuthatch	18

Top ten most frequently colliding bird species (includes fatal and non-fatal collisions) across all collision surveys at all 21 monitored buildings, including U.S. Bank Stadium, in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 2017–2018. The “All seasons” count excludes mid-summer and winter periods when no collision monitoring occurred (see S2 and S3 Tables for counts of all species observed as collision casualties, including overall and by season, respectively).

^aBirds that could not be identified to any taxonomic level, typically due to dismemberment and/or severe decomposition, distant viewing, and/or poor quality documentation photos.