Table 4. Standardized coefficient estimates for variables in supported models for analyses including all 21 buildings.

							Prop. vegetation
	Height	Glass area	Prop. light	Area light	Footprint	Distance to river	50 m buffer	100 m buffer
Collision fatalities (all)
Total low raw counta	-	0.012	-	-	-	-	0.012	-
Total high adj. estimateb	-	0.005	0.003	-	-	-	0.003	-
Spring low raw countc	-	0.036	-	-	-	-	0.048	-
Fall low raw countd	-	0.019	-	-	-	-	0.016	-
Collision fatalities (species)e
White-throated Sparrow	-	0.051	-	-	-	-	0.089	-
Nashville Warbler	-	0.113	-	-	-	-0.054	0.107	-
Ovenbird	-	0.096	-	-	-	-	0.093	-
Common Yellowthroat	-	0.110	0.041	-	-	-	-	0.169
Tennessee Warbler	-	-			-	-	0.230	-
Number of speciesf
All seasons	-	0.066	0.033	-0.042	-	-0.020	0.039	-
Spring	-	0.120	0.090	-0.075	-	-	-	0.117
Fall	-	0.049	-	-	-	-	0.049	-

Standardized coefficient estimates for variables included in strongly supported models for analyses of building-related variables associated with bird collisions based on monitoring at 21 buildings, including U.S. Bank Stadium, in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 2017–2018. Analyses were conducted for total collision fatalities across all seasons and for spring and fall, for total fatalities for the five species most frequently observed as collision casualties, and for numbers of species observed to collide across all seasons and for spring and fall. For results based on subset of 17 buildings with potential outliers excluded (stadium, #3, #4, and #17), see text and S4 Table. Coefficients in italics had non-standardized coefficient estimates with 95% CI’s that overlapped zero.

^aAnalysis response variable was raw counts of total fatal collision casualties excluding birds potentially resulting from predation events and collisions with skyways connecting buildings.

^bAnalysis response variable was bias-adjusted estimates of fatal collisions adjusted to account for removal of bird carcasses by humans and animal scavengers and for imperfect detection of carcasses present during surveys (this version of the bias-adjusted estimate was based on the high raw count of fatal collisions, which included birds potentially resulting from predation events and collisions with skyways connecting buildings).

^cAnalysis response variable was raw counts of spring fatal collision casualties excluding birds potentially resulting from predation events and collisions with skyways connecting buildings.

^dAnalysis response variable was raw counts of fall fatal collision casualties excluding birds potentially resulting from predation events and collisions with skyways connecting buildings.

^eAnalysis response variables were low raw counts of fatal collision casualties for individual species, excluding birds potentially resulting from predation events and collisions with skyways connecting buildings.

^fAnalysis response variables were total numbers of identifiable species observed as fatal and non-fatal collision casualties at each building.