Figure 2.

Direct plasma treatment inactivates bacteria and fungi. (a) A sample of Salmonella was treated with plasma using the BLP-TES (bi-polar and low-pressure plasma-triple effects sterilization) device, which generates nitrogen gas plasma using a fast high-voltage pulse by a static induction (SI) thyristor power supply, for the indicated time. Colony-forming units (CFU) per ml of culture reduced with the plasma treatment in a time-dependent manner. (b) Viable cell numbers of Aspergillus reduced after plasma treatment using the BLP-TES device. Differences where * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 versus control (0 min) were considered significant. Modified from Maeda et al. 2015 [55] and Sakudo et al. 2017 [57] with permission from Elsevier.