Skip to main content
. 2019 Oct 1;9(10):2170–2193.

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Induction of cell cycle G1 arrest by metformin is glucose-dependent. The ECC-1 and Ishikawa cells were cultured in low glucose (LG), normal glucose (NG) and high glucose (HG) conditions and then treated with metformin for 24 h. Cell cycle was assessed by Cellometer. Metformin induced cell cycle G1 arrest in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines (A and B). Treatment with metformin under LG conditions led to greater cell cycle G1 arrest compared with NG and HG condition in both cell lines (C and D). Western blotting showed that metformin decreased the expression of CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines after 18 h of exposure (E). The ECC-1 and Ishikawa cells were cultured for 24 h and then treated with metformin with varying concentrations of glucose for 18 h. HG induced an increase in expression of cyclin D1 and CDK6 as compared to NG and LG. Metformin inhibited expression of cyclin D1 and CDK6 under all glucose conditions with greater effects seen under LG conditions (F). The results shown are one of three independent experiments.