Table 2.
Association between serum bicarbonate concentration and brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity.
| Model 1 | P value | Model 2 | P value | Model 3 | P value | Model 4 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unstandardized β (95% CI) | Unstandardized β (95% CI) | Unstandardized β (95% CI) | Unstandardized β (95% CI) | |||||
|
TCO2 (per 1 mmol/L increase) |
−16.0 (−20.5, −11.4) |
<0.001 |
−10.3 (−14.0, −6.6) |
<0.001 |
−6.5 (−10.8, −2.2) |
0.003 |
−5.4 (−9.9, −1.0) |
0.017 |
| TCO2 group | ||||||||
|
Low (<22 mmol/L) |
187.3 (123.251.6) | <0.001 |
129.3 (77.2, 181.5) |
<0.001 |
89.2 (31.2, 147.1) |
0.003 |
80.2 (20.2, 140.2) |
0.009 |
|
Low normal (22–26 mmol/L) |
94.2 (42.9, 145.5) |
<0.001 |
61.3 (19.8, 102.8) |
0.004 |
35.1 (−9.0, 79.3) |
0.118 |
35.8 (−9.1, 80.7 |
0.118 |
|
Higher normal (26.1–29.9 mmol/L) |
43.6 (−9.7, 96.9) |
0.109 |
30.4 (−12.6, 73.4) |
0.166 |
27.8 (−15.9, 71.5) |
0.212 |
30.5 (−13.8, 74.8) |
0.178 |
|
High (≥30 mmol/L) |
0 (Reference) | 0 (Reference) | 0 (Reference) | 0 (Reference) | ||||
Model 1: Unadjusted.
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, HTN, DM, preexisting CVD, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, BMI.
Model 3: Model 2 + adjustment for eGFR, log UPCR.
Model 4: Model 3 + adjustment for hemoglobin, albumin, phosphorus, corrected Ca, total cholesterol, log iPTH, ACEi or ARB use, and diuretics use.
CI, confidence interval; TCO2, total CO2; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate as determined by the CKD-EPI creatinine equation; Ca, calcium; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; UPCR, urine protein creatinine ratio; ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.