Fig. 5.

The RIS neuron is more active during microfluidic-induced sleep. a Fluorescent micrograph of the mKate channel, showing HBR1361 animals immobilized in 50 μm-wide chambers and expressing mKate and GCaMP3 in the RIS neurons. Inset is a zoom-in on a single RIS neuron (scale bar 50 μm). b Representative traces of animal behavioral activity (top) and RIS calcium activity (bottom). RIS activity dramatically increases during microfluidic-induced sleep bouts (shaded regions), opposed to the majority of worm brain activity (see Fig. 4). c RIS is more active during microfluidic-induced sleep. We automatically detected sleep bouts across animals, calculated mean RIS activity during wake and microfluidic-induced sleep, and quantified mean RIS activity in each behavioral state. Dashed line shows the average RIS activity for animals that did not display a sleep bout. (Data points represent individual animals; n = 48 animals total, n = 31 animals exhibited at least one sleep bout, n = 17 animals did not sleep; *****p < 0.00001, paired t-test). d RIS ∆R/R activity negatively correlates with animal behavior. This correlation was not seen in shuffled ∆R/R data or when the mKate channel only was compared with behavior, indicating that RIS correlation with behavior is not a result of movement artifacts. Source data is available as a Source Data file