Table 1.
In vivo endpoints and plasma hormone levels.
| DIO-Sham | DIO-RYGB | DIO-WM | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
4 weeks of HPHF feeding prior to surgery (4w DIO) | |||
| Pre-surgical body weight (g) | 360 ± 7 | 409 ± 16 | — |
| Terminal body weight (g) | 522 ± 19 | 442 ± 16** | — |
|
Body weight change relative to day-1 (%) |
153 ± 6 | 110 ± 4*** | — |
| Cumulated chow intake (g) | 160 ± 43 | 448 ± 76** | — |
| Cumulated HPHF diet intake (g) | 912 ± 42 | 768 ± 69* | — |
| Cumulated energy intake (kJ) | 23 777 ± 627 | 23 756 ± 1374 | — |
| Pre-surgical fat mass (g) | 35 ± 3 | 53 ± 6* | — |
| Terminal fat mass (g) | 98 ± 10 | 45 ± 3*** | — |
| Pre-surgical lean mass (g) | 289 ± 5 | 341 ± 16* | — |
| Terminal lean mass (g) | 371 ± 7 | 373 ± 17 | — |
| 12 weeks of HPHF feeding prior to surgery (12w DIO) | |||
| Pre-surgical body weight (g) | 728 ± 22 | 745 ± 23 | 762 ± 27 |
| Terminal body weight (g) | 725 ± 20 | 620 ± 15** | 636 ± 21* |
|
Body weight change relative to day-1 (%) |
99.7 ± 1.1 | 83.4 ± 0.9*** | 83.5 ± 0.4*** |
| Cumulated chow intake (g) | 51 ± 10 | 267 ± 42*** | 163 ± 5*/^ |
| Cumulated HPHF diet intake (g) | 826 ± 26 | 861 ± 66 | 538 ± 16***/^^^ |
| Cumulated energy intake (kJ) | 20 420 ± 586 | 23 818 ± 1 506 | 14 856 ± 418***/^^^ |
| Pre-surgical fat mass (g) | 220 ± 23 | 224 ± 20 | 248 ± 13 |
| Terminal fat mass (g) | 222 ± 22 | 147 ± 18* | 160 ± 9* |
| Pre-surgical lean mass (g) | 475 ± 8 | 493 ± 9 | 467 ± 13 |
| Terminal lean mass (g) | 489 ± 12 | 475 ± 8 | 452 ± 11* |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 4218 ± 413 | 2716 ± 277** | 3209 ± 204 |
| C-peptide (pg/mL) | 1269 ± 118 | 807 ± 51** | 846 ± 61* |
| GLP-1 total (pg/mL) | 8.2 ± 1.1 | 44.9 ± 7.8*** | 7.9 ± 4.4^^^ |
| GLP-1 active (pg/mL) | 0.61 ± 0.7 | 3.28 ± 0.5** | Below LOD |
| PYY (pg/mL) | 21 ± 2 | 138 ± 16*** | 18 ± 1^^^ |
| Ghrelin (pg/mL) | 146 ± 27 | 145 ± 28 | 234 ± 15*/^ |
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and weight-matching (WM) led to a significant reduction in plasma leptin levels compared to sham-operated controls. RYGB led to an increase in the plasma levels of gut-derived hormones GLP-1 (total and active) and PYY relative to both sham and Sham-WM, whereas only Sham-WM showed significantly increased plasma levels of ghrelin. LOD, level of detection (active GLP-1 was below detection level in sham-WM animals (0.24 pg/mL)). Cumulated energy intake includes chow and high palatable high fat (HPHF) diet consumption over the course of the experiments. Data on body weight and body composition in the 4w DIO rat study have previously been reported16. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05 vs sham, **p < 0.01 vs sham, ***p < 0.001 vs sham; ^p < 0.05 vs RYGB, ^^^p < 0.001 vs RYGB (Student’s unpaired t-test or one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test).