Table 1.

Characteristics of development target population and validation datasets

Characteristic	Development dataset		Validation datasets
	OPTUM DOD test/train		OPTUM validation		CCAE		MDCD		MDCR
	Non dead	Dead (all deaths)	Non dead	Dead (death at discharge)	Non dead	Dead (death at discharge)	Non dead	Dead (death at discharge)	Non dead	Dead (death at discharge)
	% (n = 975,469)	% (n = 24,531)	% (n = 389,080)	% (n = 996)	% (n = 409,238)	% (n = 1000)	% (n = 289,870)	% (n = 989)	% (n = 456,399)	% (n = 960)
Sex: female	50.6	49.8	50.1	42.3	51.7	45	60.5	63.8	51.9	47.2
Acute respiratory disease	26.2	48.0	19.6	40.8	21.6	58.3	25.3	50.2	15.2	57
Chronic liver disease	1	4.4	0.5	3	0.5	9.2	0.4	6.1	0.7	1.9
Chronic obstructive lung disease	2.1	36.5	1.1	29.8	0.6	22.8	1.6	38.4	7.2	38.2
Dementia	0.8	23.7	0.3	14.8	0.1	1.8	0.5	31.2	2.2	16.7
Hypertensive disorder	18.3	76.0	10	73.1	10	50.4	6.9	70.8	44.9	64.5
Obesity	4.1	7.6	2.2	11.4	2.2	9.9	2.9	10.9	2.6	4
Osteoarthritis	8.0	34.9	4.3	35.3	4.2	18	2.7	30.1	19.3	27.4
Pneumonia	2.0	39.2	1.2	25.6	1.1	36	2	38.7	3.3	44.7
Renal impairment	2.0	46.6	0.8	34.2	0.4	35.9	1	43.5	5.3	44.7
Heart disease	8.3	75.9	4.6	79.3	4	71.1	3.9	76.1	29.4	87.4
Heart failure	1.4	42.0	0.7	34.4	0.3	23.9	1	41.4	5.2	52
Malignant neoplastic disease	3.7	37.5	1.8	20.3	1.7	53.5	0.8	18.9	13.9	31.3
Characteristic	Value	Value	Value	Value	Value	Value	Value	Value	Value	Value
Charlson Comorbidity Index
Mean	0.9	7.5	0	6	0	7	0	6	2	7
Age, years
Mean	37.4	75.3	33	70	32	54	20	70	73	82

CCAE IBM MarketScan^® Commercial Database, DOD date of death, MDCD IBM MarketScan^® Multi-State Medicaid Database, MDCR IBM MarketScan^® Medicare Supplemental Database, OPTUM Optum© De-Identified Clinformatics^® Data Mart Database