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Vasopressin and apelins—the yin and yang of water balance. The interrelated actions of apelins and vasopressin (AVP) are required to ensure and finely tune water balance in the entire organism. The hydration state determines the overall release of apelins and AVP from the hypothalamic magnocellular neurons into the bloodstream. Their opposing receptor-mediated functions in the brain and kidney results in the regulation of urine osmolality and volume.
