Table 4.
Predictors of mortality 30 days-7 years post-bariatric surgery
| Base Modelsa | Full Multivariable Modelb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Deathsc | No. of Participantsc | ARR (95%CI) | P | No. of Deaths | No. of Participants | ARR (95%CI) | P | |
| Age, per 10 y older | 71 | 2430 | 1.62 (1.31–1.99) | <.001 | 59 | 1985 | 1.66 (1.31–2.11) | <.001 |
| Sex | 0.08 | 0.27 | ||||||
| Female | 48 | 1910 | 1.0[Reference] | 41 | 1538 | 1.0[Reference] | ||
| Male | 23 | 520 | 1.56 (0.95–2.56) | 18 | 447 | 1.34 (0.79–2.29) | ||
| Race | 0.72 | 0.73 | ||||||
| White | 61 | 2099 | 1.0[Reference] | 54 | 1752 | 1.0[Reference] | ||
| Black | 8 | 256 | 1.34 (0.65–2.78) | 4 | 168 | 0.94 (0.34–2.62) | ||
| Other | 2 | 75 | 0.92 (0.23–3.61) | 1 | 65 | 0.46 (0.07–3.18) | ||
| Annual household income | <.001 | 0.005 | ||||||
| <$25,000 | 24 | 393 | 5.44 (2.40–12.32) | 22 | 365 | 4.30 (1.89–9.76) | ||
| $25,000-$49,999 | 16 | 563 | 2.71 (1.13–6.47) | 16 | 511 | 2.68 (1.13–6.35) | ||
| $50,000-$74,999 | 13 | 519 | 2.26 (0.94–5.43) | 13 | 468 | 2.18 (0.92–5.20) | ||
| ≥$75,000 | 8 | 705 | 1.0[Reference] | 8 | 641 | 1.0[Reference] | ||
| Education | 0.50 | |||||||
| ≤ High school | 18 | 510 | 1.16 (0.64–2.09) | |||||
| Some college | 25 | 908 | 0.80 (0.44–1.44) | |||||
| ≥ College | 18 | 819 | 1.0[Reference] | |||||
| Body mass index, per 10 more | 71 | 2430 | 1.34 (1.01–1.80) | 0.046 | 59 | 1985 | 1.15 (0.82–1.60) | 0.42 |
| Any cigarette smoking | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
| No | 56 | 2108 | 1.0[Reference] | 45 | 1735 | 1.0[Reference] | ||
| Yes | 15 | 318 | 2.59 (1.48–4.53) | 14 | 250 | 2.75 (1.53–4.95) | ||
| Any alcohol use | 0.04 | |||||||
| No | 36 | 914 | 1.0[Reference] | |||||
| Yes | 27 | 1321 | 0.61 (0.38–0.99) | |||||
| Regular alcohol use | 0.24 | |||||||
| No | 61 | 2090 | 1.0[Reference] | |||||
| Yes | 2 | 145 | 0.44 (0.11–1.73) | |||||
| AUD symptoms | 0.69 | |||||||
| No | 59 | 2081 | 1.0[Reference] | |||||
| Yes | 4 | 148 | 1.22 (0.45–3.26) | |||||
| Sleep apnea | 0.03 | |||||||
| No | 19 | 1156 | 1.0[Reference] | |||||
| Yes | 51 | 1271 | 1.77 (1.04–3.00) | |||||
| Diabetes | 0.01 | |||||||
| No | 29 | 1573 | 1.0[Reference] | |||||
| Yes | 40 | 804 | 1.92 (1.16–3.19) | |||||
| Hypertension | 0.36 | |||||||
| No | 12 | 760 | 1.0[Reference] | |||||
| Yes | 57 | 1620 | 1.35 (0.71–2.57) | |||||
| Dyslipidemia | 0.01 | 0.03 | ||||||
| No | 9 | 712 | 1.0[Reference] | 8 | 654 | 1.0[Reference] | ||
| Yes | 59 | 1482 | 2.47 (1.25–4.89) | 51 | 1331 | 2.19 (1.07–4.48) | ||
| Deep vein thrombosis/ | 0.35 | |||||||
| pulmonary embolism | ||||||||
| No | 56 | 2112 | 1.0[Reference] | |||||
| Yes | 5 | 90 | 1.51 (0.64–3.56) | |||||
| Surgical procedure | 0.33 | 0.73 | ||||||
| RYGB | 55 | 1717 | 1.36 (0.77–2.39) | 45 | 1433 | 1.08 (0.59–1.98) | ||
| LAGB | 15 | 606 | 1.0[Reference] | 13 | 486 | 1.0[Reference] | ||
| Other | 1 | 107 | 0.46 (0.06–3.47) | 1 | 66 | 0.53 (0.08–3.37) | ||
AUD=Alcohol use disorder; ARR=adjusted relative risk; CI=confidence interval; LAGB=laparoscopic adjustable gastric band; RYGB=Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Poisson mixed models with robust error variance adjusted for site, surgical procedure, age, sex, race, and BMI. 4 participants who died in perioperative period (≤30 days post-bariatric surgery) were excluded. 24 participants were missing information on race and not included in models. One participant missing data on race had died 30 days to 7 years post-surgery.
Poisson mixed model with robust error variance adjusted for site, surgical procedure, age, sex, race, BMI, and other variables as indicated in this table. Any alcohol use, sleep apnea, and diabetes were considered in the model but not retained. 4 participants who died in perioperative period (≤30 days post-bariatric surgery) were excluded. 469 participants were missing information on race, annual household income, cigarette smoking, or dyslipidemia and not included in model. 13 participants with missing data had died 30 days to 7 years post-surgery.
Sums may not add to total due to missing data.