Figure 1.

VCP Is Expressed in Human and Murine Hearts, Especially in Cardiomyocytes

Expression levels of valosin-containing protein (VCP) in various (A) human organs and (B) mouse organs (n = 4). The human samples were from various sources, pooled from 1 or more healthy adults (Human Total RNA Master Panel II, Clontech Laboratories, Mountain View, California). Expression of β-actin was used as an internal control. Black bars indicate expression in hearts. (C) Comparison of VCP expression in cardiomyocytes (n = 4) with that in fibroblasts (n = 4). ***p < 0.001, using unpaired 2-tailed Student’s t test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. BAT = brown adipose tissue; WAT = white adipose tissue.