Fig. 1.

A specially designed spring-wire catheter (Racz catheter^®; Epimed International Inc., Gloversville, NY, USA) needle was introduced into the sacral epidural space under fluoroscopy. Once the needle placement was confirmed to be in the epidural space, a lumbar epidurogram was carried out with contrast. Identification of the filling defects was carried out by examining the contrast flow into the nerve roots. After appropriate determination of epidurography, a Racz catheter was slowly passed through the needle to the intended area, and adhesiolysis and scheduled injection were carried out.