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. 2019 Oct 8;8(10):458. doi: 10.3390/foods8100458

Table 1.

Composition of commercial and experimental products used in the current study (source: manufacturers; “Latti formulati in commercio in Italia” by De Curtis M. and Gasparrini E.).

Energy Protein Lipid Carbohydrate
100 mL 1 g protein
Preterm formulas Name Kcal Content (g) W/C Hydr Source Content (g) Source Content (g) Type Added ingredient Energy Lipid Carb
PIF1 79 2.4 60–40 - Bovine 3.9 Plant 8.7 Maltodextrins lactose Lactoferrin/ DHA-ARA-MCT/ GOS 32.9 1.63 3.6
PIF2 81 2.9 100–0 + Bovine 4.0 Plant 8.4 Maltodextrins lactose DHA-ARA-MCT 27.9 1.38 2.9
100 g 1 g protein
Fortifiers and concentrates Name Kcal Content (g) W/C Hydr Source Content (g) Source Content (g) Type Added ingredient Energy Lipid Carb
BM1 347 20 100–0 +++ Bovine 0.4 ? 66 Maltodextrins 17.4 0.02 3.3
BM2 260 35 100–0 - Bovine 0.4 Soybean 38 Maltodextrin Lactoferrin/ 7.4 0.01 1.1
GOS FOS/
Lutein
BC 368 87 20–80 - Bovine 1.6 Bovine 1.2 Lactose 4.2 0.02 0.0
DM 390 22 60–40 - Donkey 3.6 Donkey 59 Lactose 17.7 0.16 2.7
DC 418 43 60–40 - Donkey 6.1 Donkey 33 Lactose 9.7 0.14 0.8

W/C: whey/casein ratio; Hydr:—whole; + partially hydrolysed; +++ extensively hydrolysed protein; GOS: galactooligosaccharides; FOS: fructooligosaccharides; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; ARA: arachidonic acid; MCT: medium-chain triacylglycerols; PIF: preterm infant formula; BM: bovine milk-based fortifier; BC: bovine concentrate; DM: donkey milk-based fortifier; DC: donkey concentrate.