Table 1.
Concentrations of biomarkers at baseline for participants receiving capsules or whey powder supplements.
| Marker | Reference Interval * | Capsules (CN-B12) Median (min/max) n = 17 (15 Female) |
Whey Powder (HO-B12) Median (Min/Max) n = 18 (8 Female) |
Mann-Whitney p-Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P, total vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | 148–630 | 106 (61/185) | 114 (71/184) | 0.10 |
| P, creatinine µmol/L | 52–110 | 67 (52–110) | 69 (55–102) | 0.56 |
| P, holotranscobalamin (pmol/L) | 35–150 | 19 (4/40) | 23 (8/99) | 0.17 |
| P, total homocysteine (µmol/L) | 5.0–15.0 | 19 (9/52) | 17 (9/49) | 0.73 |
| P, methylmalonic acid (µmol/L) | 0.1–0.28 | 0.81 (0.28/2.46) | 0.91 (0.30/2.34) | 0.69 |
| S, folate (nmol/L) | 4.54–38.6 | 13.5 (11.1/16.0) | 13.0 (10.6/16.3) | 0.78 |
| combined index (4cB12) | −0.5–1.5 | −1.87 (−3.01/−0.37) | −1.67 (−2.36/−0.33) | 0.30 |
| B, Hemoglobin (g/L) Mild anemia |
M 130–180 F 120–150 |
128 (116/137) 1 M, 1 F |
132 (122–142) 1 M, 2 F |
0.67 |
| B, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume (fL) | 80–96 | 82.5 (80/91.6) | 81.6 (81.5/92) | 0.58 |
P, plasma; S, serum; B, blood; m, men; w, women; p, probability of equal baselines (capsules vs. whey powder). * Reference intervals are those employed by the laboratory that performed the analysis.