Table 5.
Studies on the effectiveness of quercetin on hypertension, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk.
| n | Health Condition | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Quercetin (mg) | Duration (days) | Blood Pressure Results | Other Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 | Healthy | 42.0 ± 2.6 | 26.0 ± 1.3 | 1000 aglycone + 200 rutin | 28 | No effect | No effect other CVD factors | [71] |
| 41 | Pre-HTN | 47.8 ± 3.5 | 29.7 ± 1.3 | 730 aglycone | 28 | No effect | nor oxidative stress | [72] |
| Stage 1-HTN | 49.2 ± 2.9 | 29.7 ± 1.3 | SBP (−7 ± 2mmHg), DBP(−5 ± 2mmHg) mean arterial pressures (−5 ± 2 mmHg) |
no effect on oxidative stress | ||||
| 93 | Baseline mean BP (130±16.4/ 81.6±9.3mmHg) | 25–65 | 25–35 | 150 aglycone | 42 | SBP: entire group (−2.6 mmHg), subgroup with HTN (−2.9 mmHg) Subgroup aged 25-50 (−3.7 mmHg) |
Decreased oxidized LDL. No effect on TNF-α and CRP | [73] |
| 62 | Type 2 diabetes | 35-55 | NR | 500 aglycone | 70 | SBP (−8.8 ± 9.3 mmHg), DBP (no effect) | Decreased TNF-α and IL-6 relative to baseline, but not different than placebo | [74] |
| 68 | Pre-HTN (≥120–139 mmHg and/or ≥80–89 mmHg) |
25–65 | 25–35 | 396 onion powder (162 quercetin glucoside) | 42 | ABP (no effect) | sICAM-1 (−8.2 ng/mL) | [75] |
| Stage I HTN (≥140–159 mmHg and/or ≥90–99) |
25–65 | 25–35 | Systolic ABP (−3.6 mmHg), | sICAM-1 (−8.2 ng/mL) No effect on NO, ACE, sVCAM |
||||
| 5 | Normotensive | 24 ± 3 | 24 ± 4 | 1095 aglycone | 1 | No effect | No effect on ACE, ET-1, NO, and brachial artery flow mediated dilation | [78] |
| 12 | Stage 1 HTN | 41 ± 12 | 29 ± 5 | SBP (−5 mmHg) |
Abbreviations: NR, not reported; HTN; hypertension; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ABP, ambulatory blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; CRP, c-reactive protein; IL-6, Interleukin 6; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM, circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; NO, nitric oxide; ET-1, Endothelin-.