Table 6.
Epidemiological studies on the association between flavonoids intake and cardiovascular risk.
| n | Age (years) | Health Status | Dietary Intake (mg/day) | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 805 | 65–84 | Healthy | Flavonoids (12.0–41.6) | (-): CHD mortality (0.42, 95% CI 0.20–0.88, p = 0.015) |
[81] |
| 4807 | 64–69 | Healthy | Flavonols (14.8–38.5) | (-): fatal MI (0.57, 95% CI 0.33–0.98) |
[84] |
| 66,360 | 30–55 | 29.8% HTN | flavonols+flavone (21.2) Kaempferol (4.7) |
(-): CHD mortality (0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.93; p = 0.04) No association with MI |
[83] |
| 10,054 | Mean 39.3 | 9.6% HTN | flavonoids (24.2), kaempferol (0.1–0.9) | (-): cerebrovascular disease (0.70, 95% CI 0.56–0.86, p = 0.003), thrombosis (0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.85, p = 0.004) | [87] |
| 872 | 52–67 | Colorectal adenoma | Flavonols (9.4–20.8), kaempferol (2.54–8.04) |
(-): IL-6 levels (95% CI: 0.24–0.93; p = 0.03) |
[86] |
| 744 | 65–99 | Healthy | Kaempferol (1.0–1.5) | (-): acute MI (0.48, 95% CI; 0.30–0.77, p = 0.002). |
[85] |
Abbreviations: BMI; body mass index, (-); inverse association with flavonol or kaempferol intake, CHD; coronary heart disease, MI; myocardial infarction, USA; united states of America, HTN; hypertension, DM; diabetes mellitus, IHD; ischemic heart disease, NR; not reported.