Table 1.
Sample characteristics for total sample and by weight status.
| Total (n = 412) |
Non-Overweight (n = 277) |
Overweight (n = 135) |
p * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||
| 7th grade | 12.7 ± 0.72 | 12.8 ± 0.74 | 12.7 ± 0.70 | 0.536 |
| 10th grade | 15.8 ± 0.85 | 15.9 ± 0.89 | 15.6 ± 0.69 | 0.021 |
| Sex, n (%) of girls | 216 (52.4) | 149 (53.8) | 67 (49.6) | 0.427 |
| Socioeconomic status (FAS) | 6.4 ± 1.65 | 6.4 ± 1.71 | 6.5 ± 1.51 | 0.471 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Non-smoker | 369 (89.6) | 249 (89.9) | 120 (88.9) | 0.260 |
| Former smoker | 32 (7.8) | 23 (5.6) | 9 (2.2) | |
| Current smoker | 11 (2.7) | 5 (1.2) | 6 (1.5) | |
| Pubertal stage A, n (%) | ||||
| II | 30 (7.3) | 21 (7.6) | 9 (6.7) | 0.415 |
| III | 136 (33.0) | 88 (31.8) | 48 (35.6) | |
| IV | 194 (47.1) | 128 (46.2) | 66 (48.9) | |
| V | 52 (12.6) | 40 (14.4) | 12 (8.9) | |
| Pubertal stage B, n (%) | ||||
| II | 29 (7.0) | 17 (6.1) | 12 (8.9) | 0.279 |
| III | 85 (20.6) | 53 (19.1) | 32 (23.7) | |
| IV | 207 (50.2) | 148 (53.4) | 59 (43.7) | |
| V | 91 (22.1) | 59 (21.3) | 32 (23.7) | |
| Body fat, % | 21.1 ± 8.50 | 17.7 ± 6.53 | 28.2 ± 7.68 | <0.001 |
| VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 42.0 ± 6.74 | 43.2 ± 6.97 | 39.6 ± 5.49 | <0.001 |
| Inflammatory biomarkers | ||||
| CRP, mg/L | 0.20 (0.11; 0.77) | 0.13 (0.11; 0.51) | 0.46 (0.18; 1.60) | <0.001 |
| IL-6, ng/L | 1.90 (1.90; 3.40) | 1.90 (1.90; 2.95) | 1.90 (1.90; 3.90) | 0.033 |
| Adipokines | ||||
| Adiponectin, mg/L | 10.4 (7.7; 14.5) | 10.8 (8.3; 15.1) | 9.1 (7.2; 13.4) | 0.002 |
| Leptin, ng/mL | 2.80 (0.90; 5.90) | 1.60 (0.60; 4.15) | 5.90 (3.10; 10.70) | <0.001 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 2127.7 ± 680.98 | 2159.0 ± 692.06 | 2063.5 ± 655.51 | 0.182 |
| Carbohydrate, % of energy | 49.9 ± 7.02 | 50.0 ± 7.08 | 49.6 ± 6.91 | 0.567 |
| Protein, % of energy | 19.0 ± 3.60 | 18.6 ± 3.42 | 19.7 ± 3.87 | 0.004 |
| Total fat, % of energy | 32.4 ± 4.67 | 32.7 ± 4.75 | 31.9 ± 4.48 | 0.124 |
| MAR, % adequacy/day | 96.3 (92.4; 98.9) | 96.3 (92.7; 99.0) | 95.8 (91.7; 98.6) | 0.828 |
| Total dairy products, g/day | 324.4 (244.0; 629.1) | 346.7 (244.0; 632.9) | 310.4 (244.0; 569.4) | 0.310 |
| Milk, g/day | 244.0 (191.7; 610.0) | 244.0 (191.7; 610.0) | 244.0 (191.7; 261.3) | 0.414 |
| Yogurt, g/day | 53.6 (17.9; 125.0) | 53.6 (17.9; 125.0) | 53.6 (17.9; 125.0) | 0.817 |
| Cheese, g/day | 12.9 (2.0; 23.6) | 12.9 (2.0; 23.6) | 4.3 (2.0; 12.9) | 0.822 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation, median (P25; P75) or absolute frequency (relative frequency). CRP, C-reactive protein, IL-6, Interleukin-6; FAS, family affluence scale; MAR, mean adequacy ratio. * p-value was calculated based on chi-square test for categorical variables, independent t-test (socioeconomic status, body fat, VO2max, total energy intake, macronutrients intake) or Mann–Whitney U test (all inflammatory biomarkers, MAR, all dairy products group) for continuous variables.